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This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of the curcuminoids against lead-induced neurotoxicity. The results show that lead significantly increases lipid peroxidation and reduces the viability of primary hippocampal neurons in culture. This lead-induced toxicity was significantly curtailed by the co-incubation of the neurons with the curcuminoids. In a whole animal experiment, rats were trained in a water maze and thereafter dosed with lead and/or curcumin (CURC), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), or bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) for 5 days. Animals treated with curcumin and demethoxycurcumin but not bisdemethoxycurcumin had more glutathione and less oxidized proteins in the hippocampus than those treated with lead alone. These animals also had faster escape latencies when compared to the Pb-treated animals indicating that CURC- and DMC-treated animals retain the spatial reference memory. The findings of this study indicate that curcumin, a well-established dietary antioxidant, is capable of playing a major role against heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity and has neuroprotective properties.

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The synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity determination of some aminopyridine-and (aminomethyl)pyridine-salicylaldimine copper(II) complexes were realized. The ligands, L 1-L 6 , were prepared by condensing salicylaldehyde and o-vanillin with 2-and 3-amino-and (aminomethyl)pyridine, respectively. The complexes were characterized by micro-analytical, electronic, infrared and conductivity data. The structures of the Schiff base ligands were further confirmed from 1 Hand 13 C-NMR spectral data. This study established that salicylaldimine ligands could coordinate as neutral species via the imine-N and the undeprotonated phenolic-O. The complexes have the molecular formula: [CuLCl], [Cu(LH) 2 Cl 2 ]•xH 2 O or [Cu(LH)Cl(H 2 O)]Cl. The X-ray crystal structure of [CuL 6 Cl] indicated a square planar geometry with the Schiff base ligand coordinated to the Cu(II) ion as a tridentate monobasic, N 2 O, ligand. The crystals crystallized in a monoclinic system with P2 1 /c space group. All the ligands and their Cu(II) complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC ® 6538™  , Bacillus subtillis subsp. spizizenii ATCC ® 6633™  , Escherichia coli ATCC ® 8739™  and Candida albicans ATCC ® 2091™  using agar diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The presence of the methoxyl group enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the salicylaldimine Schiff base ligands.

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