The client computing platform is moving towards a heterogeneous architecture consisting of a combination of cores focused on scalar performance, and a set of throughput-oriented cores. The throughput oriented cores (e.g. a GPU) may be connected over both coherent and non-coherent interconnects, and have different ISAs. This paper describes a programming model for such heterogeneous platforms. We discuss the language constructs, runtime implementation, and the memory model for such a programming environment. We implemented this programming environment in a x86 heterogeneous platform simulator. We ported a number of workloads to our programming environment, and present the performance of our programming environment on these workloads.

Chemical modeling calculations and batch tests were carried out to investigate the effect of solution chemistry on formation of phosphate precipitation in synthetic flushed dairy manure wastewater for phosphorus recovery. Saturation index (SI) of different calcium phosphate precipitates in solution with a PO 4 3 -concentration range of 0.032-9.8 mM (1-300 mg P/L), Ca/P molar ratio of 1-20, pH value of 5.0-12.0, and the CO 3 2 -concentration of 0-100 mM was calculated separately using the geochemical aquatic modeling program, PHREEQC. Results show that the SI of calcium phosphate is the logarithmic function of Ca 2 + and PO 4 3 -concentration, increasing with the increase of Ca 2 + and PO 4 3 -concentrations. SI of calcium phosphate is the polynomial function of the solution pH value. SIs of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) increase with the growth of the pH value, while the SIs of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) reach the maximum value at pH 9.0-9.5 and 7.0-7.5, respectively. The SI of calcium phosphate decreases with the growth of the CO 3 2 -concentration following a linear function pattern. Meanwhile, the SI of calcium phosphate decreases with growth of ionic strength following a logarithmic function pattern. In the case study of phosphate removal from synthetic flushed dairy manure wastewater, the PO 4 3 -removal trend under a different pH value and Ca/P molar ratios was closer to the predictions of thermodynamic modeling. CO 3 2 -can affect the PO 4 3 -removal efficiency and turn on the marked inhibiting effect on HAP growth, but does not obviously affect the structure of the precipitate.