A crack is a whole or partial split of either concrete or masonry into two or more portions caused by breaking or fracturing in concrete constructions. The bulk of fractures is caused by external forces higher than what the structure or its components can sustain acting on it. The most typical sign of degradation in concrete buildings is cracking. Once the fractured system has been assessed, an appropriate repair method that considers these reasons may be chosen. Selecting the best crack repair method may produce results that endure for a very long time while saving you a lot of time, money, and effort. The causes of cracks and several strategies for healing them are covered in this paper.
One of the intriguing structural design concepts for robust tall structures is the diagrid (diagonal grid) structural design. Due to its attractiveness and structural efficiency, Diagrid, a new design trend for tall, complicated structures, has arisen. Using a compact grid of diagonal members, Diagrid's façade structural system resists both lateral loads and gravity loads. As opposed to a traditional steel frame, it employs less structural steel, resulting in a more environmentally friendly building. This research uses ETABS to examine the structural performance of tall structures made of Diagrid steel and tall buildings with various bracing systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to contrast the lateral displacement brought on by wind and earthquake load between high-rise structures (buildings) using the diagrid system and those using other bracing systems. The use of diagrid and other bracing systems in relation to the natural frequency of high-rise structures (buildings) is also investigated in this study. A 40-story building model has been taken for analysis in E-Tabs 2016, with a plan area of 1296m2 (36- meters x 36-meters) and 144 meters tall.
Structure analysis and design are significantly influenced by earthquake. It is believed that seismic evaluation is required for the viability and serviceability of both present and future building structures. When a structure's base is subjected to a certain type of ground motion, a time history analysis is performed to examine the dynamic reaction of the structure at each time interval. The near-field earthquake ground motion verification may have specific impacts for both forward and backward directivity. The initial's velocity and displacement motions, respectively, exhibit pulse and fling-step characteristics. Therefore, it is crucial to assess how well structures built solely to withstand the primary shock would work through future aftershocks. Using modern seismic protection systems, such as base isolations or / and supplemental dampening devices, that significantly reduce building damages during main shocks and their related aftershocks is one of the appropriate solutions to this issue. Due to changes in both static and dynamic stress that take place during the earthquake process, aftershock events are set off by the primary shock. In order to better understand the ground motion features of a sizable collection of mainshock and subsequent aftershock ground motion data recorded in accelerograph stations around the region, this study reviews pertinent literature in the field. The G+9 RCC building will be used in this study to conduct a time history analysis of the mainshock and aftershock data of the Chamoli earthquake provided by the Centre for Engineering Strong Motion Research Ground Motion Database. For designing purposes, the IS 456-2000 code is taken into consideration. Live loads are measured in accordance with IS 875-part 1, and seismic zone IV is selected for analysis in accordance with IS 1893-2016. Storey drift, base shear, joint reactions, and storey displacement are just a few of the variables that can have an impact on how well a building performs. Since each of these variables has a significant impact on how a structure responds to seismic loads, they are also taken into account when evaluating the results.
Seismic isolation devices are commonly employed to protect structures from the impacts of severe ground motions. ETABS2016, a modelling and analysis programme, was used in this work to model and analyse the isolated stepped building. Rubber isolator link components were used as a single joint element to represent the rubber isolators between the ground and the superstructure. El-Centro seismic records were used to analyse the isolated building. The lateral inter-storey drifts, story displacement and peak absolute floor accelerations, of the isolated building were compared to those of the fixed-base structure. The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of several types of base isolation systems for seismic protection of 6-story stepped structures using Time history analysis. The isolation systems considered include, i) rubber isolators, ii) rubber isolators with energy dissipation systems, and iii) friction pendulum isolators.
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