The design of portable devices by immobilization of sensory probes using donor−acceptor (D−A) architectures enables the visual detection and onsite analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this work, we have reported on the synthesis of different D−A architectures of 2-thiohydantoin (2TH) derivatives by extending the conjugation with phenyl (Ph-2TH), naphthalene (Naptha-2TH), and anthracene (Anthra-2TH) moieties at the C 5 position. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that extending the conjugation leads to variation in the molecular arrangement in the crystal lattice. Ph-2TH and Naptha-2TH show ribbon-like self-assembled layered arrangements, whereas Anthra-2TH crystallized in herringbone packing in the crystal lattice. The C−S•••H interactions were varied with interatomic distances of 2.67, 2.63, and 2.27 Å, respectively, for phenyl, naphthalene, and anthracene. The photophysical and excited-state gas-phase interactions using scanning kelvin probe studies reveal that 2TH ensembles alter their surface photovoltages toward recognition of different VOCs (like ethanol, acetone, toluene, triethylamine, nonanal, and chloroform) depending on their donor and acceptor nature. All three 2TH derivatives showed n-type behavior with high selectivity toward nonanal, and Anthra-2TH exhibited high response (91.02%) within 278 s as well as recovery (92.83%) in surface photovoltages in 647 s. Combined experimental and computational studies demonstrate that the aromatic moieties appended 2TH ensembles would be an efficient D−A ensemble for the detection of VOCs containing carbonyl and alcohol functionalities aiding strong intermolecular interactions.

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DTI and DSC perfusion add profoundly to conventional imaging in differentiating tumefactive demyelinating lesions and high-grade gliomas. The combination of DTI metrics and DSC perfusion markedly improved diagnostic accuracy.

Aim:To evaluate the utility of a mobile device to detect and assess intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on head computed tomographys (CT) performed in the emergency setting.Materials and Methods:100 head CT scans were randomly selected from our emergency radiology database and anonymized for patient demographics and clinical history. The studies were independently interpreted by two experienced radiologists in a blinded manner, initially on a mobile device (iPad, Apple computers) and subsequently, at an interval of one week, on a regular desktop workstation. Evaluation was directed towards detection, localization and characterization of hemorrhage. The results were assessed for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. Statistical significance was ascertained using Fisher's exact test.Results:27 of the examinations were positive for ICH, of which 11 had multiple hemorrhages. Of these there were 17 subdural, 18 intraparenchymal, 8 subarachnoid, 4 intraventricular and 2 extradural hemorrhages. In 96 of the studies there was complete concurrence between the iPad and desktop interpretations for both radiologists. Of 49 hemorrhages, 48 were accurately detected on the iPad by one of the radiologists. In the remaining case, a tiny intraventricular hemorrhage was missed by both radiologists on the iPad as well as on the workstation, indicating that the miss was more likely related to the very small size of the hemorrhage than the viewer used.Conclusion:We conclude that in the emergency setting, a mobile device with appropriate web-based pictue archiving and communication system (PACS) is effective in the detection of intracranial hemorrhage present on head CT.

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Purpose There is limited evidence on the use of antipsychotic medications to treat people with schizophrenia in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This systematic literature review identified original research on use of antipsychotic drugs for primary psychotic disorders in SSA, assessed the methodological quality of studies, summarized intervention strategies, and examined patient-level outcomes. Methods PubMed, PsychInfo, Cochrane Collaboration, African Journals Online, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies in SSA that focused on antipsychotic treatment for primary psychotic disorders and that investigated at least one patient-level outcome. Articles in English and published before April 2019 were included. Epidemiological studies, drug discontinuation studies, studies with drugs other than antipsychotics, and multicenter studies that did not specify SSA results were excluded. An adapted standardized instrument assessed methodological quality. Results Twenty-six articles were reviewed. Three levels of evidence were found: single-group reports, quasi-experimental studies, and randomized controlled trials. Study outcomes included change in psychiatric symptoms, adverse effects, remission rates, or change in functional status. Nine studies reported improvements in psychiatric symptoms with antipsychotic medication. Seven studies investigating adverse effects of antipsychotics found that they were associated with an increase in metabolic syndrome. Two studies reported that remission was achieved in most subjects, and one study reported improvements in functional status. Conclusions Despite adverse effects, treatment with antipsychotic medications may be beneficial for individuals with primary psychotic disorders in SSA. Apart from South Africa, there is a scarcity of research on antipsychotics from countries in SSA, and there are numerous important gaps in the literature.