Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) are homologs of firefly luciferase, but are incapable of emitting light with firefly luciferin. Recently, we found that an ACSL from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a latent luciferase that will emit light with the synthetic luciferin CycLuc2. Here we have profiled a panel of three insect ACSLs with a palette of >20 luciferin analogues. An ACSL from the nonluminescent beetle Agrypnus binodulus (AbLL) was found to be a second latent luciferase with distinct substrate specificity. Several rigid luciferins emit light with both ACSLs, but styryl luciferin analogues are light-emitting substrates only for AbLL. On the other hand, an ACSL from the luminescent beetle Pyrophorus angustus lacks luciferase activity with all tested analogues, despite its higher homology to beetle luciferases. Further study of ACSLs is expected to shed light on the features necessary for bioluminescence and substrate selectivity.
FTY720 {fingolimod hydrochloride, 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride}, a novel immunosuppressant, was discovered by chemical modification based on the structure activity relationships of ISP-I (myriocin), a metabolite of the fungus Isaria sinclairii. This short perspective provides insights to the various strategies available in the literature for the synthesis of FTY720 and its analogues.1 Introduction2 Classification of Immunosuppressive Drugs3 The Rise of FTY7204 Different Synthetic Strategies for FTY7205 Analogues of FTY7206 Binding Studies of FTY7207 Mode of Action8 Conclusion
Chiral sulfoxides are used as a toolbox for the synthesis of enantiomeric/diastereomeric compounds, which are used as precursors for the pharmaceutically/chemically important molecules. The current review focuses on applying these chiral sulfoxides towards the synthesis of the compounds having stereogenic center. In general, the stereogenic center induced by the sulfoxide is able to direct the stereochemistry of further transformation necessary to complete the total synthesis of bioactive molecules. The nature of the reactive conformation of the sulfoxide is strongly dependent on the nature of the substituents at C-α and/or C-β.
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are the most important class of reactions in organic synthesis. Among them, in recent years, ring-closing metathesis (RCM) has gained much of attention due to its success for the synthesis of macro lactones. In many cases, ring closing metathesis has been used as the key step, owing to its fundamentally convergent character.
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