Information management technology is widely used in a variety of fields and it proved its great potentials also for the Cultural Heritage (CH) sector. Considering the management of architectural heritage information, there exists a distinctive factor which does not exist in any other field: a multi-layered spatial character in the third (or even fourth) dimension. Moreover the semantical enrichment of threedimensional (3D) digital models by integrating heterogeneous datasets has a crucial importance. Nevertheless, the organization and structuring of such information is considerably difficult although very useful for better conservation and management purposes. Accordingly, researchers have recently developed different techniques for the coherent and reliable management of information related to architectural heritage. The approaches so far developed have pros and cons since data processing and visualization is not a simple and straightforward process. The paper presents a review of the current management approaches for architectural heritage information with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools, illustrating up-to-date approaches and describing possible future research directions.
ABSTRACT:An architectural heritage object carries heterogeneous and multi-layered information beyond physical characteristics. It requires an integrated representation of various types of information for understanding and management prior to the decision-making process of conservation. This requirement is a twofold manner consisting of representation and management processes. There exists a variety of approaches for representation of heritage objects in digital three-dimensional (3D) environment, but the selection of the appropriate one according to the needs is crucial. On one hand, there have been recently great attempts to adopt Building Information Modeling (BIM) for historical buildings. Nevertheless, the related works in the topic focus mainly on pre-processing of data, such as the integration of born-digital material into a BIM environment and the creation of parametric objects according to historical building characteristics. As the information management of a historical building requires enhanced attribute management and integration of different datasets, further investigation on the BIM capabilities in management terms is crucial. On the other hand, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have great potentials in exploring spatial relationships, but their potential in 3D representation is still somehow limited. The paper reviews and evaluates the roles of BIM and GIS, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages for integration, retrieval and management of heterogeneous data in the context of historical buildings.
Abstract:Historic buildings are representations of cultural systems throughout time. Thus, it is important to shed light on any given historic building's chronological information by means of restitution, that is, the descriptions of different (re)compositions of a building for different historical states. However, the representation of information beyond the geometric, spatial, and physical characteristics of a historic building carries a crucial importance in the holistic understanding of historical changes. This requirement consists of representation, archival, assessment, and management aspects. Nevertheless, covering all these aspects is still quite challenging. Thus, three-dimensional (3D) visualization in digital platforms is considered, which indeed seems to be the most desirable way today. This article proposes a methodology through adopting an approach based on the Geographical Information System (GIS) and further develops a digital "container" as a 3D digital model for the archiving of a building's chronological information. This does not only cover the geometric and spatial aspects, but also the historical resources and their reliability. The paper concludes that the developed prototype may lessen the future investigation effort of heritage specialists by making the chronological information of a historical building more integrated and coherent, through increased readability, accessibility, and visibility. This, in turn, supports the planning of restoration projects, as well as provides a static and comprehensive archive.
The citizen science paradigm and the practices related to it have for the last decade called a wide attention, beyond academics, in many application fields with as a result a significant impact on discipline-specific research processes and on information sciences as such. Indeed, in the specific context of minor heritage (tangible and intangible cultural heritage assets that are left aside from large official heritage programs), citizen-birthed contributions appear as a major opportunity in the harvesting and enrichment of data sets (notwithstanding data quality and heterogeneity issues). In parallel, it seems we have today reached a moment when the acquisition and analysis of spatio-historical information appears "easier" since citizens are seen as potential (and legitimate) sensors. But is it really "easier"? And if so, at what cost? Having a closer look on practical challenges behind the curtain can avoid turning the above mentioned opportunity into a lost one. In this contribution we present a research initiative that aims at better circumscribing the difficulties one has to foresee when wanting to harvest and visualize pieces of data on minor heritage collections, and then to derive from them spatial, temporal, and thematic knowledge. The contribution focuses on three aspects: a short analysis of citizen contributions in the context of minor heritage, a description of the case study and of the data modeling bottlenecks we are facing, and an exemplification of the visual analysis solutions we experiment in order to portray and question our understanding of collections. The case study acts as a test bench helping to investigate data harvesting and modeling challenges, as well as potential added-value of the visualization step.
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