Introduction:The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of central line-associated bloodstream infections, risk factors, their relationship with catheter insertion location, and the effect of central line-associated bloodstream infections on mortality and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay. Methods: This was a prospective, observational and cohort study, carried out between November 2009 and February 2011. During this period, all the patients who had central-line were monitored for central line-associated bloodstream infection. Results: In the study period, 275 patients were admitted to our PICU. The frequency of invasive device usage was 38.9% (107) for central venous catheter, 38.2% (105) for mechanical ventilation, 53.3% (147) for urinary catheter, and 11.3% (32) for artery line. Central lineassociated bloodstream infection was detected in 16 (14.8%) of the patients and 23 central line-associated bloodstream infection attacks were observed. There were 14 central line-associated bloodstream infection attacks in 1.000 central venous catheter usage days. There were 168 patients without central venous catheter and 4 (2.4%) of them had blood stream infection. Thirty-six patients died and the mortality rate was 13%. Five of these patients (13.8%) died due to central line-associated bloodstream infection, 27 (25%) of them had central venous catheter and 9 (6%) of them did not (p=0.001). Conclusion:In conclusion, central line-associated bloodstream infection is one of the serious healthcare-associated infections, and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in PICUs. Keywords: Nosocomial infection, central line-associated bloodstream infection, pediatric intensive careGiriş: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kateter ilişkili kan dolaşımı enfeksiyonlarının sıklığını, risk faktörlerini, kateter yerleştirme yerleri ile olan ilişkisini, ayrıca bu enfeksiyonların mortalite ve çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesi (ÇYBÜ) kalış süresine olan etkisini belirlemektir. AbstractÖz

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a colorless and odorless solution of the hydrogen fluoride in water. It is used in some household products. The rapid onset of severe toxicity and death after the ingestion of HF is not reported often. Also, there is no reported fatal pediatric case after HF ingestion. In this case report, we present a 3.5-year-old girls who unintentionally drunk a rust remover that contained 8% HF. She died in a short period as a result of refractory ventricular fibrillation, which was developed due to fluoride intoxication.

Meconium lead level and gestational age are associated with increased mortality risk in preterm neonates.

A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Prematurity is an important etiologic factor for perinatal mortality and morbidity. In our country, preterm births and complications of prematurity account for 26% of perinatal mortality. There are many maternal, fetal or placental, genetic and environmental etiologic factors that cause prematurity. There have been no studies to show an association between preterm delivery of unknown etiology and exposure to heavy metals and trace elements at toxic levels in meconium. The purpose of this study is to measure the levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium) and trace elements (zinc, iron, copper) in meconium samples and to understand their associations with preterm delivery of unknown etiology. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : The levels of heavy metals and trace elements in the meconiums of 810 term or preterm infants with known and unknown etiology for being preterm were measured with a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Lead and cadmium were detected in all meconium samples. Heavy metal and trace element levels in meconium were significantly higher in preterms of unknown and known etiology for being preterm compared to term infants (for all p<0.0001). Lead levels in meconium were significantly higher in preterm of unknown etiology compared to preterm of known etiology in posthoc analysis with Bonferroni corrected Mann Whitney U test. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : These results may suggest that lead levels in meconium samples are higher in preterm newborns especially with unknown etiology compared to term newborns. Therefore, we suggest that preterm delivery of unknown etiology may be decreased by decreasing air pollution. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Cadmium; lead; meconium Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Prematürite perinatal mortalite ve morbidite için önemli bir risk faktörüdür. Ülkemizde erken doğumlar ve prematüritenin komplikasyonları perinatal mortalitenin %26'sından sorumludur. Prematüriteye neden olan çok sayıda maternal, fötal veya plasental, genetik ve çevresel etiyolojik faktör vardır. Etiyolojisi bilinmeyen erken doğumla mekonyumdaki toksik düzeylerde ağır metallere ve eser elemetlere maruziyet arasındaki iliskiyi gösteren hiçbir çalısma yoktur. Bu çalısmanın amacı mekonyum örneklerinde ağır metal (kursun, kadmiyum) ve eser element (çinko, demir, bakır) düzeylerini ölçmek ve etiyolojisi bilinmeyen erken doğumla ilişkilerini anlamaktır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Etiyolojisi bilinen ve bilinmeyen 810 term veya preterm bebeğin mekonyumlarındaki ağır metaller ve eser elementler alevli atomik absorbsiyon spektrofotometresi ile ölçüldü. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Tüm mekonyum örneklerinde kursun ve kadmiyum saptandı. Mekonyumdaki ağır metal ve eser element düzeyleri etiyolojisi bilinen ve bilinmeyen pretermlerde term bebeklere göre belirgin olarak yüksekti (tümü için p<0,0001). Tukey testiyle post-hoc analizde sadece mekonyumdaki kursun düzeyleri etiyolojisi bilinmey...

SNAPPE-II on the first day of life was significantly higher among babies with ARF, suggesting a positive association between higher scores and the development of ARF and mortality, but based on receiver operating characteristic curve results, SNAPPE-II at admission did not enhance the assessment of risk for ARF prior to a rise in creatinine.