Purpose: This paper aims to assess the innovation potential of Eastern European economies based on country's ability to export high-tech goods and services, which means innovating beyond the country's needs. Design/Methodology/Approach: We use analytical economic methodology to explore innovative potential of EE (Eastern Europe) countries as correlation-regression analysis. Findings: The study found that the innovative potential of the economy of EE (Eastern Europe) countries depends on the state's expenditures on innovative research and development, the number of scientists and the level of financing for technical cooperation. Practical Implications: The negative factors that influence the formation of innovative potential are identified. The use of intellectual property rights by EE countries is inefficient and does not ensure the development of innovative potential. Patents for research and development of residents as well as non-residents do not ensure the progress and effectiveness of the innovative potential of the economy. The export of ICT services negatively affects innovative potential, however it is not a significant factor influencing innovative activity. Originality/Value: With this article we show that financing technical cooperation in EE countries does not lead to the development of innovative potential, that is, it is inefficient.
In spite of the large number of normative and legal documents dealing with gender issues, a problem of ensuring equal rights of men and women does still exist in Ukraine. The article is mainly devoted to the gender inequality of payment for labor. The purpose of the study is to highlight the peculiarities of gender asymmetry of payment for labor, to outline directions for reducing it, and to make proposals on achieving gender equality of payment for labor. The labor market analysis in 2013-2017 showed that gender gap of payment for labor depends on the type of economic activity. The study also found the largest gender-based payment gap in the highest legislative body, the Ukrainian parliament, due to the small number of women in its composition, which in some way affects all social sectors. In conclusion, a number of gender differentiation features in payment for labor were singled out. The authors had proposed ways to overcome the gender gap and suggested appropriate measures to be taken. It is necessary to establish gender quotas in the parliament and to impose fines for their non-compliance, a similar proposal applies to senior positions of state institutions. There is also a need to inform society about the topic under study, to develop programs for women in rural areas, and to introduce indicators of gender inequality in enterprise reporting. Galyna Lopushnyak (Ukraine), Anna Shandar (Ukraine) GENDER DIFFERENTIATION OF PAYMENT FOR LABOR IN UKRAINE gender inequality, gender discrimination, labor market, gender policy, decent work, quality of life, rural population Keywords JEL Classification J710 АнотаціяНе зважаючи на наявність численної кількості нормативно-правових документів, котрі стосуються гендерних питань, в Україні й досі існує проблема забезпечення рівних прав чоловіків та жінок. Статтю присвячено висвітленню гендерної нерівності в оплаті праці. Метою дослідження є висвітлення особливостей гендерної асиметрії в оплаті праці, окреслення напрямів її зменшення, а також внесення пропозицій стосовно досягнення гендерної рівності в оплаті праці. Аналіз ринку праці у 2013-2017 рр. показав наявність гендерного розриву в оплаті праці в залежності від виду економічної діяльності. У ході дослідження також виявлено, що найбільші диспропорції в оплаті праці за гендерною ознакою прослідковуються й у найвищому законодавчому органі -українському парламенті через малу кількість жінок у його складі, що певним чином впливає на усі суспільні сфери. У результаті дослідження було виокремлено ряд особливостей гендерної диференціації в оплаті праці, на основі яких авторами запропоновано напрями подолання існуючого гендерного розриву, а також відповідні заходи: встановлення гендерних квот у парламенті та закріплення штрафів у зв'язку з їх недотриманням, аналогічна пропозиція стосується і керівних посад державних установ, здійснення заходів стосовно поінформованості суспільства досліджуваної теми, розробка програм для жінок у сільській місцевості, введення показників гендерної нерівності у звітність підприємств.
Purpose: In modern conditions new forms of employment are being introduced. The purpose of scientific investigation is to reveal and analyze the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of employment's innovative forms in the transformation of the labor market. Design/Methodology/Approach: The theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of innovative forms of employment in the labor market transformation are presented on the basis of theoretical analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and empirical research methods, such as measurement, observation and comparison. Findings: The investigation of the materials submitted by Eurofound has made it possible to reveal 9 key innovative forms of employment, which are widely implemented by the member states of the European Union and not only by them, namely: employee sharing, job sharing, interim management, casual work, ICT-based mobile work, voucher based work, portfolio work, crowd employment, collaborative employment. Originality/Value: The dynamics of employment in the member states of the European Union during 2014-2019 have been estimated. The interdependence between the rate of job vacancies by NACE activities (Job vacancy rate by NACE Rev.) and the share of temporary employees in such countries as Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal and Croatia has been presented.
Urgency of the research. A modern business positions itself not as a social media load and a society debtor, but as a social investor aimed at obtaining economic results from social activities that is especially important in the transition to sustainable development. Target setting. The article analyzes the features of ex-isting assessment methods for business social investment (SI) and outlines the prospects for their development. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. A significant con business contribution to the assessment methods for social investment has been done by: D. Baiura, D. Bohynia, J. Weiss, M. Dolishnii, O. Zatieishchykova, A. Carol, E. Libanova, L. Norton, V. Steshenko and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the same time, the existing methods do not allow us to fully quantify the business social investment at the macroe-conomic level. The research objective. The main article objective is the structural elements systematisation of business social investment in the context of sustainable development, as well as the expansion of the quantitative indexes of SI evaluation. The statement of basic materials. The implementation of investments, including social (SI), involves obtaining a certain result or effect, which ultimately serves as their pur-pose. It is difficult to assess the economic effect of the SI, since the result is not often so obvious and may be distant in time. However, during the last years, the scientists of Ukraine and other countries made attempts to develop and improve the social investment assessment methods of en-trepreneurship. Conclusion. In the context of sustainable development, the business social investment is a modern instrument of investment that allows increasing the efficiency of the enter-prise using the achievement of high social results, and also satisfying the needs of its partners, customers, and staff to a greater extent.
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