<p>Nigella sativa (NS) has been used for many years as an anti-bacterial herbal treatment, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but the mechanism in bacterial elimination is still unknown. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine that helps the immune system eliminate microbes when it enters the body. The purpose of this study was to prove the immunomodulatory effects of Nigella sativa extract through increased IL-1β in dealing with MRSA infections. The design of this study was post-test only control group design using 25 male Balb-c mice infected with MRSA and randomly divided into five groups. Group K was infected with MRSA without being treated. All treatment groups were given NS extracts in different doses for 7 days before being infected with MRSA. P1 was given N. sativa extract 0.05ml, P2 (was given NS extract 0.25ml, P3 was given 0.5ml NS extract, and P4 was given 0.75ml NS. On the 8th day, blood was taken from the retroorbital plexus for IL-1β level examination using ELISA. Statistical tests were done using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed the mean of IL-1β levels in group K was 11.65ng/L, P1 was 14.07ng/L, P2 was 16.66ng/L, P3 was 18.54ng/L, and P4 was 19.49ng/L which showed an increase in IL-1β levels along with the addition of black cumin dose although there was no difference between groups (p=0.578: ANOVA test). Nigella sativa extract is not proven effective in increasing IL-1β levels of Balb-c mice infected with MRSA.</p>
Studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan pada Oktober 2019 lalu menunjukkan bahwa infeksi kecacingan masih dijumpai pada siswa SD N Pegalongan, Kecamatan Patikraja, Kabupaten Banyumas. Optimalisasi pemahaman siswa terhadap kecacingan diharapkan dapat memutus rantai penyebaran infeksi kecacingan. Kegiatan pengabdian yang dilaksanakan di masa pandemi Covid-19 dilakukan dengan modifikasi yang menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan pemahaman dan kesadaran siswa SD N Pegalongan tentang kecacingan, melalui penggunaan media audiovisual dan pengamatan langsung spesies penyebab kecacingan pada manusia. Pelatihan dan praktik bersama cara mencuci tangan yang sesuai dengan standar WHO dilakukan untuk mencegah penularan kecacingan sekaligus Covid -19. Evaluasi keberhasilan dibuktikan dengan kehadiran peserta yang mencapai 88% dan antusias siswa selama diskusi dan pengamatan. Peningkatan pemahaman siswa terlihat dari peningkatan postest siswa sejumlah 82,5% dari peserta yang hadir. Luaran tambahan dari kegiatan ini adalah leaflet. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah pengetahuan siswa SDN Pegalongan, Patikraja, Banyumas tentang kecacingan sebagai upaya mencegah penularan kecacingan dapat ditingkatkan melalui penyuluhan dan demonstrasi secara interaktif kepada siswa.
Meningkatnya fenomena resistensi bakteri, yaitu Metisilin-Resisten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), mendorong pentingnya penggalian bahan alam yang memiliki efek antibakteri atau yang memodulasi respon imun. Thymus vulgaris (TV) atau herba timi diketahui memiliki efek antimikroba dan immunomodulator, sehingga diharapkan dapat mengatasi infeksi MRSA melalui peningkatan sitokin IL-6. Efek ekstrak Thymus vulgaris terhadap IL-6 dan hitung kuman pada hepar mencit balb-c yang diinfeksi MRSA diuji pada penelitian ini. Desain penelitian adalah post test only control group design. Populasi studi menggunakan 30 ekor mencit balb-c jantan yang diinfeksi MRSA dan dibagi secara acak dalam enam kelompok. Kelompok penelitian dibagi menjadi enam, yaitu kelompok K1 (mencit diinfeksi MRSA tanpa diterapi), P1 (mencit diterapi ekstrak Thymus vulgaris, 7 hari kemudian diinfeksi MRSA), K2 (mencit diinfeksi dan diterapi vankomisin), P2 (mencit diinfeksi dan diterapi ekstrak TV + vankomisin), K3 (mencit diinfeksi dan diterapi amoksisilin), dan P3 (mencit diinfeksi dan diterapi ekstrak TV + amoksisilin). IL-6 diukur dengan ELISA, hitung kuman dinilai dengan kultur mikrobiologi. Data dianalisis dan diolah menggunakan uji hipotesis dengan uji t-test independent program SPSS 22.0. Hasilnya ditemukan kadar IL-6 yang tidak bermakna antara kelompok K1-P1 (p>0,05), K2-P2 (p>0,05), dan K3-P3 (p>0,05). Penurunan hitung kuman bermakna pada kelompok K1-P1 (p<0,05), tidak bermakna pada K2-P2 (p>0,05) dan K3-P3 (p>0,05). Kadar IL-6 dengan penurunan hitung kuman MRSA di hepar memiliki korelasi positif yang sangat lemah (r=0,086). Ekstrak Thymus vulgaris terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan hitung kuman MRSA pada kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan antibiotik tetapi tidak terbukti meningkatkan kadar IL-6. The increasing phenomenon of bacterial resistance, namely Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), encourages the importance of extracting natural substances that have anti-bacterial effects or which modulate immune responses. Thymus vulgaris (TV) or herbal thyme is known to have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, so it is expected to overcome MRSA infection through increased IL-6 cytokines. The effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on IL-6, and bacterial counts on the liver of balb-c mice infected by MRSA tested in this study. The study design was Post-test only control group design. The population of the study was used 30 male balb-c mice infected with MRSA and randomly divided into six groups. The study group divided into 6 groups; K1 group (mice infected by MRSA without being treated), P1 (mice treated with Thymus vulgaris extract 7 days later infected with MRSA), K2 (mice infected and treated with vancomycin), P2 (mice infected and treated with TV + vancomycin extract), K3 (mice infected and treated with amoxicillin), and P3 (mice infected and treated with TV + amoxicillin extract). IL-6 was measured by ELISA, the bacterial count was assessed by microbiological culture. Data were analyzed and processed using hypothesis testing with an independent t-test program SPSS 22.0. The results showed that IL-6 levels were not significant between groups K1- P1 (p > 0.05), K2-P2 (p >0.05), and K3-P3 (p>0.05). The decrease in bacterial count was significant in the K1-P1 group (p< 0.05), not significant in K2-P2 (p>0.05) and K3-P3 (p>0.05). The level of IL-6 with a decrease in MRSA count in the liver has a very weak positive correlation (r = 0.086). Thymus vulgaris extract was proven to be effective in reducing MRSA counts in groups that did not get antibiotics but were not proven to increase IL-6 levels
Background: The increasing phenomenon resistance of bacteria to various types of antibiotics, for example MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) became a serious problem. Over the last few decades S. aureus has become the dominant cause of endocarditis. MRSA data in Indonesia are still rarely reported. This has led to the importance of extracting natural substances that have anti-bacterial effects or that modulate immune response such as Thymus vulgaris (TV). It was hypothesized that TV can overcome MRSA infection by increasing IL-1, which is the initial cytokine in a natural immune response stimulated by the presence of S. aureus. Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on IL-1 and bacterial counts in the heart of balb-c mice infected with MRSA. Methods: There were 30 male Balb-c mice randomly divided into six groups. Group K (mice infected with MRSA without treatment),P1(mice treated with TV extract 7 days later infected with MRSA), P2(mice infected and treated with vancomycin), P3(mice infected and treated with TV+vancomycin extract), P4(mice infected and treated with amoxicillin), and P5 (mice infected and treated with TV extract+amoxicillin). IL-1 and bacterial count was assessed by ELISA and microbiological culture. Results: The result showed that there was a significant increase in IL-1 between groups (p=0.001).The median decrease in the bacterial count in the heart was 0 in almost treatment group except for P4 group which its median was 26.000 (p=0.161). The correlation between IL-1 levels and MRSA count in the heart had a weak negative correlation (r=-0.182). Conclusion: Thymus vulgaris extract was effective to increase IL-1 levels significantly but was not proven to decrease MRSA count in the heart of balb-c mice.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.