Considering the blow force as the given parameter during the combustion of pyrotechnic compositions, it is possible to calculate the mass of a necessary charge of pyrotechnic formulation. By this cause, a special interest is the model of an explosion or burning of the pyrotechnic composition, in which is possible at high degree of accuracy to calculate the mass of the pyrotechnic charge. This will lower the percentage of accidents when dealing with pyrotechnics. The aim of the work is formulation of the physical and mathematical model of explosion or combustion of pyrotechnic composition on the basis of laws of conservation of momentum and energy. The calculation formulas were checked on a concrete example-pyroxylin and compared with data from reference books and the Internet. The analysis of a calculated formula for a pyroxylin showed that in the course of explosion the main contribution to destruction of the chosen objects is made by a potential energy of gases (about 88%), and only 12% by a kinetic energy of incandescent gases, but when calculating force of explosion it needs to be considered.
A technology of briquetting of sub-standard coal of Kazakhstan fields to obtain high-quality briquetting fuel has been developed. A modifying additive in the form of oil residues has been selected, that make it possible to obtain a binder composition for brown coal briquetting. The material for the preparation of coal briquettes is coal fines from dry, poorly sintered coals, which cannot be used for direct combustion in the furnace. The optimal parameters for obtaining high-quality fuel briquettes have been determined. The introduction of a modifying additive into the oil residues makes it possible to obtain a binder composition for briquetting brown coal. Studies of the physical parameters of briquettes and the data of SEM showed that the thickness of the adsorption layer of coal and the cohesion of the binder in thin layers play an important role in the formation of the structure and strength of the briquette. It was assumed that at the optimum thickness of the film layer, the maximum manifestation of capillary forces and an increase in the adhesive interaction between the particles and the binder take place. The organic component of the coal fines is a mixture of various X-ray amorphous components, the presence and number of which vary in a series of metamorphism. The results of the performed studies show the possibility and prospects of using local raw materials for the development of high-quality briquetted brown coal fuel.
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