This article presents the results of the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: Nanoscale materials obtained by carbonization of waste agricultural products (apricot kernel, walnut, rice husk). The results of physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained nanomaterials.
This article presents the results of the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: Nanoscale materials obtained by carbonization of waste agricultural products (apricot kernel, Greek walnut (GW), rice husk). The results of physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained nanomaterials. Physico-chemical parameters of the synthesis of carbonized sorbents based on plant raw material are investigated along with the properties of these sorbents. The data of FTIR, ESR spectroscopy & BET-method, as well as electron microscopy are reported. It is stated that carbonized sorbents possess high specific surface area and porosity. Carboxylic, carbonyl, hydroxyl groups are detected on the surface of the synthesized sorbents. Separate fusicoccine and similar biostimulators effectively; remove LPS-endotoxines from blood plasma selectively. They may be used as carriers to introduce probiotics into intestine thanks to formation of stable colonies on their developed surface. A method of preparation of honeycomb monoliths from carbonized rice husk with developed mesoporous structure via modification of the porous structure by silica leaching has been developed.
One of the priority trends of carbon nanotechnology is creation of nanocomposite systems. Such carbon nanostructured composites were produced using - raw materials based on the products of agricultural waste, such as grape stones, apricot stones, rice husk. These products have a - wide spectrum of application and can be obtained in large quantities. The Institute of Combustion Problems has carried out the work on synthesis of the nanostructured carbon sorbents for multiple applications including the field of biomedicine. The article presents the data on the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of carbonaceous sorbents using physicochemical methods of investigation: separation and purification of biomolecules; isolation of phytohormone - fusicoccin; adsorbent INGO-1 in the form of an adsorption column for blood detoxification, oral (entero) sorbent - INGO-2; the study of efferent and probiotic properties and sorption activity in regard to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), new biocomposites - based on carbonized rice husk (CRH) and cellular microorganisms; the use of CRH in wound treatment. A new material for blood detoxication (INGO-1) has been obtained. Adsorption of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate has shown that active carbon adsorbent can remove clinically significant level of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate from human plasma. Enterosorbent INGO-2 possesses high adsorption activity in relation to Gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. INGO-2 slows down the growth of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, without having a negative effect on bifido and lactobacteria. The use of enterosorbent INGO-2 for sorption therapy may provide a solution to a complex problem - detoxication of the digestive tract and normalization of the intestinal micro ecology. The immobilized probiotic called "Riso-lact" was registered at the Ministry of Health of the Republic<br />of Kazakhstan as a biologically active food additive. The developed technology is patented and provides production of the medicine in the form of freeze-dried biomass immobilized in vials.
<p>Three different carbons were prepared from rice husk by steam activation at 700 °C, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>-activation followed by desilication or desilication followed by H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>-activation at 500 °C. Honeycomb monoliths were obtained by mixing of a carbon with montmorillonite followed by extrusion, curing, calcination and leaching by alkaline solution. Obtained blocks were compared in terms of their morphology and elemental composition using data of SEM/EDX-analysis. From low temperature nitrogen adsorption study results it follows that prepared monoliths are characterized by SBET up to 700 m<sup>2</sup>/g (V<sub>Σ</sub> = 0.79 cm<sup>3</sup>/g) and pore size distribution shows the maximum around 4 nm. Methylene blue number is as high as 250 mg/g.</p>
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