The article presents an analysis of using distance learning technology in university education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the attitude of students to this format of education. The authors justify the urgency of the problem under study for modern education and update the basic requirements for education in the situation of growing uncertainty. The paper describe the methodological foundations and genesis of the development of distance learning, distinguishes the concepts of "distance education" and "distance learning". The authors determine the features of distance learning in modern conditions and highlight the main problems and contradictions that were provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic and the social isolation. The aim of this study is to evaluate emotional attitude of university students of the humanities and natural sciences to distance learning, implemented in the pandemic situation. The presented results of an empirical study reveal the pros and cons of distance learning, the active use of Internet resources by students in learning, and the willingness to rebuild in a changing environment.
The authors conducted a study aimed at studying the characteristics of students with different models of information behavior in connection with the changes in psychological boundaries when using Internet technologies. The article reveals the role of information technologies and technical means, which become an important component of the life of a modern person and change his living space. The authors show the influence of information technologies on mental processes and relationships of people and consider the features of information behavior in connection with possible violation of psychological boundaries when using technical means The article analyses the problem of diagnosing information behavior and contains an overview of diagnostic methods of studying Internet addiction. It’s shown that in modern world information behavior is needed to be studied outside the context of addictive behavior. In the empirical part of the study authors distinguish the models of information behavior: entertaining, informational, communicative, productive and pragmatic. The empirical study defines the main behavioral characteristics of the presented information behavior models and investigate the changes in psychological boundaries when using the Internet among students with different models of information behavior. The results of the study allow to reveal the subjective attitude of students to the possibilities and availability of Internet resources in connection with differences in the severity of the expansion of psychological boundaries in communication, in the reflection of violation of boundaries, in changing needs.
The article is devoted to the study of the assessment of past experience in connection with the peculiarities of the value-semantic sphere of students aged 19 to 21 years. It presents a comparative analysis of the results of the study of students of the Faculty of Psychology with various attitudes to past experience, by dividing them into two groups with a positive and neutral-negative assessment of past experience. The analysis is carried out on the basis of a number of techniques that allow one to see the substantive aspects of the value-semantic and motivational spheres of students. The study of value orientations in groups was carried out, differences in the level of significance of the studied values for the respondents were revealed. The study of terminal values showed that a happy family life is the main one for the group with a positive attitude to the past, while for the second group health, love and self-confidence are more important. With regard to instrumental values, it was revealed that a group with a positive assessment of the past considers responsibility as the most important, while the other emphasizes honesty. It was found out that groups with a positive attitude to past experience are distinguished by greater satisfaction with the results of life in the present period of time, meaningful life process and a higher level of motivation.
The article presents the results of an empirical study on models of Internet behavior of humanitarian students, taking into account their gender characteristics. The relevance of this study is determined by the active inclusion of modern students in the Internet space. The lack of studies on the problem of Internet behavior in the student community led to the need for empirical research. As an empirical object of research, we choose humanities faculties students of universities in Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov region in the amount of 60 people, including 28 young men and 32 young women. The psychological profiles of students' Internet behavior were studied, differences in the used models of Internet behavior in male and female samples were revealed. The features of Internet behavior are shown, indicating the fact that the student environment is dominated by entertainment and leisure activities in the use of Internet resources. It was revealed that the behavior of girls is predominant, defined as information surfing with a longer stay in the Internet space, boys have a shorter stay («Quickies» and «Single Missions») aimed at solving a specific problem.
Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Южного федерального университета в рамках темы № 213.01–07-2014/15ПЧВГ (проектная часть внутреннего гранта ЮФУ) «Угрозы национальной безопасности в условиях геополитической конкуренции и модели агрессивного и враждебного поведения молодежи». Известно, что на начальных этапах зрительной обработки сцена разделяется на множество локальных фрагментов, каждый из которых описывается параллельно и независимо. На следующем этапе локальные зрительные сигналы определенным образом группируются. Эта операция осуществляется так называемыми фильтрами второго порядка. Одна из важнейших характеристик фильтра – полоса пропускания. Цель настоящего исследования – определение полос пропускания зрительных фильтров второго порядка, чувствительных к модуляции пространственной частоты, по трем параметрам: ориентация оси модуляции, частота модуляции и фаза модуляции. Исследование выполнено в психофизической парадигме обратной маскировки. Тестовым стимулом служила габоровская текстура с синусоидальной модуляцией пространственной частоты ее элементов. В качестве масок также использовались частотно-модулированные текстуры, в которых ориентация оси модуляции, частота модуляции или фаза модуляции меня- лись с определенным шагом относительно тестового стимула. Пороговая амплитуда обнаружения модуляции в тестовом стимуле определялась в условиях двухальтернативного вынужденного выбора. В результате была определена полоса пропускания исследуемых фильтров второго порядка по частоте модуляции (около 3 октав). В то же время было обнаружено от- сутствие избирательности этих фильтров к ориентации оси модуляции и фазе модуляции. На основании полученных результатов высказывается предположение о возможной организации рецептивных полей зрительных фильтров второго порядка, чувствительных к модуляции пространственной частоты. Наличие избирательности к частоте модуляции указывает на оппонентную организацию рецептивного поля, в котором возбудительный центр ограничен тормозными флангами. Отсутствие избирательности к ориентации модуляции может свидетельствовать о концентрической организации поля. А отсутствие избирательности к фазе модуляции указывает на существенную нелинейность рецептивного поля.
The article presents the generalized experience of studying the psychological culture of university teachers. Authors sustained the relevance of the problem on the example of teaching specialists for the agro-industrial complex and updated the basic requirements for modern agro-industrial specialists. The article gives a review of methodological foundations of studying the psychological culture: the analysis of approaches to the definition of “psychological culture”, the components of the psychological culture and the levels of its development, the features of the psychological culture of teachers. Authors reveal the specifics of the professional activity of a higher education teacher in the context of the personality-oriented education implementation by providing an emprical study. The procedure of empirical research to study the components of the psychological culture of university teachers with different lengths of pedagogical activity is described. The results of an empirical study aimed at studying the following components of psychological culture are described in detail: affective (empathy), communicative (social communicative competence) and value-semantic (communicative tolerance) and an integral indicator of the cultural and psychological potential of university teachers. Authors show the features of the formation of communicative competence, empathy, communicative tolerance depending on the length of pedagogicalactivity.
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