Subsurface investigations have significant and substantial effects on the design of dams or any hydraulic structures. The proposed dam is located to the north of Mirakan village within Qushtapa district, Erbil governorate, Iraq. 2D resistivity method was applied to determine the suitability of the Mirakan site for dam construction. The results (Pseudo-sections) indicated that the top surface layer of the studied area shows medium to high resistivity which ranges from 75 to more than 360 ohm.m, and it consists mainly of coarse grain materials like gravels, pebbles and, boulders, while in some location fine grain materials like clays and silts appeared. The thickness of this top surface, recent sediment is ranging from 8 to 18 m. The middle part of the Pseudo-sections displays a layer of high resistivity ranges 40– 65 ohm.m, it has been detected within Bi Hassan Formation; it is mainly composed of the conglomerate. The lower part of the pseudo-sections illustrates a layer of low resistivity which represents the fine material deposits of the Bi Hassan Formation and the resistivity ranges from 7–20 ohm. m. There are no faults have been detected in this location as well as there is no evidence of the existence of cavities and there are no risky sources. So, the study area is suitable for dam construction. To sum up, the results reveal that the studied area has the potential to withstand the weight of the dam and natural disasters.
A Ground Penetrating Radar for bathymetry and water current velocity was used to estimate the discharge value of Lesser Zab River at Klesa station with coordinates (35º 53’ 08.21′′ N, 44º 35′ 35.90′′ E). Two traverses were taken across the river which represented two sites in Klesa area which were (A-B) traverse with the coordinates (N 3970652 and E 491898), and (C-D) traverse with the coordinates (N 3972195 and E 487681). Measuring water flow rate by velocity area method was done by Mid-section method, to confirm the validity of the data; two sections were conducted for each of the two traverses to deduce two radargrams along the profiles (A-B) and (D-C). The radargrams drew by using sophisticated software and were very helpful in detecting the river floor topography and depth variation along both profiles, the distance between the two sites was 5 km. The results indicate that the maximum width of the river at stations is 36.5m and the maximum water depth of Lesser Zab River is 4.75m, maximum velocity is 1.88 m/s. The water flow rate deviates from 136.737m3/s to 147.23m3/s. The average discharge for Lesser Zab river = 141.983 m3/s. This discharge is under normal average because the data was taken in November 2019. Because of the mild weather and the lack of electricity consumption, so using these results in water resource management and planning for satisfying domestic consumption, irrigation, industrial consumption, …etc. in the Klesa area, will be economically beneficial for the water management policy of the country.
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