Use of probiotics in freshwater fishes is debated for its benefits to the host. Tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii is a tropical fish having ornamental as well as food value. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes on Tinfoil barb. Diets containing 0%(T0), 0.5%(T1), 1%(T2), 1.5%(T3), and 2% (T4) of probiotic L. sporogenes were prepared and fed to fishes at 3% body weight for 80 days. Control diet was fed to fishes of all treatments for 20 more days. Growth parameters, gut microflora and intestinal histology were analysed. The growth performance was found to be significantly better (P < 0.05) in fishes fed with 1% of probiotic but Survival remained unaffected due to the concentration of probiotic. Total Plate Count of aerobes seemed to be affected by concentration and duration of probiotic treatment. However, anaerobic TPC did not show much variation. Histological analysis revealed that in lower level of incorporation (T2-1%) fish have intact mucosal layer with increased absorptive enterocytes and absorptive area of intestinal villi, well organized lamina propria with different types of cells compared to other treatments. The results indicated that addition of L. sporogenes at 1% level of inclusion was found to be effective for better growth, survival, gut flora as well as intestinal morphology in B. schwanenfeldii.
Mrigal or Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton 1822) is one of the important aquaculture species in India. During 2017, mrigal contributed 5.7% to the aquaculture production of India. The present study was undertaken to describe the hatchery-level pre- and post-spawning condition, i.e. weight changes in the length-weight relationships (LWRs) and the weight-weight relationships (WWRs) associated with the two phases for the mrigal males and females used as broodstock from a commercial IMC hatchery. For the 18 pairs of individuals sampled, the TL (total length) ranged from 42–55 cm and 39–54 cm, and the BW (body weight) from 0.83–1.46 kg and 0.52–1.35 kg respectively for males and females. The GSI was recorded at 10.5% for males and 20.4% for females. The pre- and post-pawning weights differed significantly in both sexes based on paired t-test. Trends in the LWR and weight-weight slopes have been discussed in the article.
Toll like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway plays a central role in inflammatory responses through the recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is well known for the recognition of LPS of gram-negative bacteria leading to production of inflammatory cytokines. Modulation of a TLR pathway gene in different tissues indicates the functional importance of the tissues in innate immunity. The aim of this study was to clone and characterize TLR4 and evaluate its constitutive tissue distribution in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a commercially important fish species. The study was carried out at ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai during 2017. Partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences of TLR4 were identified in P. hypophthalmus and termed as phTLR4. Bio-informatics analysis of partial sequence revealed four putative LRR domains characteristic of TLRs. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed varying degree of identity with TLR4 sequences from other fish species in BLASTn and BLASTp analysis. Phylogenetic analysis placed the phTLR4 close to Ictalurus punctatus. TLR4 was found to be constitutively expressed in all the tissues studied. The significantly highest expression was recorded in intestine and spleen. The lowest expression was in muscle, heart and skin. House-keeping gene ß-actin was used as an internal control. The outcome of this research will be helpful for studying mRNA expression levels of phTLR4 under different conditions in different tissues of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.
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