In the Nordic countries, redistribution by means of universal welfare policies is historically viewed as a vital mechanism to improve the situation of vulnerable groups and level the social gradient. To establish the concept of equity as a strong concern and a core value within health promotion, it is important to be aware how policies can contribute to enable reduction of social health differences.
This study aims to fertilize research on parental mediation with the importance of parents' positive media attitudes. In this study Swedish parents' perceptions of media influences and their consequences on their child/ children aged 2-5 years are in focus. Data from a cross-sectional population survey performed by the Swedish Media Councilin 2010 covered a representative sample of children, aged 2-5 years in total 1 195. The results are that the parents have both positive as well as negative perceptions of media influences andthe factor analysis of the parents perceptions, depending on the media type, fall out in two to three dimensions-negative aspects of media influences, positive aspects of media influences and mixed positive and negative outcomes. In line with previous research it is very common to co-view/use media. But on the contrary to previous research it is even more common to discuss the content and experience with their 2-5 year old child/children. The more perceptions of positive media influence, the more often we co-view/use media with our child/children aged 2-5 years old. The opposite goes for the more we perceive negative media influences. However the same pattern only complies for instructive mediation when it comes to discussing films and TV and not for discussion games or content or experiences on the web.
In this literature review on TPE (third-person effects) and the behavioral consequences on children, the research questions posed are how the body of knowledge has evolved since the first empirical evidence of TPE among children and what knowledge gaps that remain. The traceable developments are two: (1) Compared to the vast amount of articles on TPE in general, the 59 identified on the topic of children are few and two thirds actually focus on adolescents/young adults rather than children. The reason put forward for studying younger children is the urge to prevent risky behavior through media literacy programs or pro-social advertisements; and (2) The studies have not primarily addressed results to support occurrence of TPE among children. Rather they support parental TPE or among the adolescents that TPE and reverse TPE occur due to certain kind of media content. The discussion on knowledge gaps that remain follow three themes: (1) Differentiations between self and others are in psychological studies implied to occur among children between the ages of 3-4 years old, yet no study address how children develop TPE; (2) There is a tendency to follow the more general development within TPE research with the renewed interest in behavioral consequences. But the primary behavioral consequence studied in TPE in general and within studies of TPE and children is support for censorship. Few studies address "real" behavioral consequences like parental mediation; and (3) There is also a need for more theoretically coherent research on the importance of social distance.
The news media can both mirror age stereotypes held by the public, as well as contribute to constructing or amplifying them. The first risk group identified in the pandemic was older adults. They are generally not so visible in the media, but during the pandemic, they were in focus. This study analyses to what extent the public agrees with age stereotypes during the COVID-19 pandemic and what characterizes the groups that hold them. Survey data from 04/14/20-06/28/20 on a national sample (6000) of the population of Sweden is used. The results, contrary to the expectation that stereotypes of older adults should dominate the public opinion, rather the stereotype of younger people not distancing themselves enough is the most common. However, the corresponding stereotype of older adults not doing the same is the second most common. In a non-crises situation, the most common stereotype of older adults is that they have poor cognitive abilities. However, this stereotype is rare during the pandemic. The characteristic of the group that agree with the stereotypes are that they are young rather than old. There are also differences by gender, education and residential area, but they vary depending on the specific age stereotype in question.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.