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ABSTRACTThe current study evaluated the relationship between reaction time performance and the visual target-evoked P3 event-related potential (ERP) using a dynamic rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. Electroencephalography (EEG) and reaction time measures were obtained while observers monitored an RSVP stream of short videos for infrequent targets presented among frequent nontarget distractors. Observers' reaction time quartiles were used as ERP binning parameters for target-and response-locked EEG epochs. This procedure allowed us to assess neural activity related to perceptual and response processing across different levels of overt performance. P3 amplitude and latency were evaluated for both stimulus and response-locked averages. The results showed that the peak latency of the stimulus-locked P3 was maximal over central parietal electrode Pz and was significantly different between each quartile; however, these latency differences were absent when P3 latency was measured in the response-locked data. The P3 amplitude analysis revealed no significant differences between stimulus and response-locked averages within each quartile. Overall, the results suggest the peak latency of the P3 obtained in the current study reflects processes more associated with motor planning and response execution. iii
The findings inform performance expectations for small-arms systems relative to recoil energy levels transferred to the shooter during dynamic firing events.
High-order cognitive functions require the integration of information across functionally related modules. This relationship suggests that cognitive ability is related to the efficiency and processing speed of basic integrative function. In order to examine individual differences for this relationship, we compared standardized tests of intelligence to visual perceptual grouping abilities, which represents a basic process of integration. Sixty participants discriminated perceived grouping of dot patterns based upon similarity in luminance. Psychophysical measurements were made of the functional limits and processing speed of grouping. We assessed cognitive abilities with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and found that measures of grouping efficiency as well as speed varied considerably across subjects, indicating substantial individual differences at this relatively early level of visual processing. Faster grouping speed was associated with higher scores on all WASI subtests, whereas grouping ability, when not restricted by time, was associated only with the performance IQ components. These results demonstrate an association between a basic integrative function, in which cognitive and motoric factors were minimized, with measures of high-order cognition, which include both verbal and spatial cognitive components.
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