Perceptual Grouping and High-Order Cognitive Ability

Larkin, Gabriella Brick; Kurylo, Daniel D.

doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000110

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Visual perceptual grouping normally occurs between elements that are presented as part of the same visual display viewed from a fixed viewpoint. Albeit recent evidence suggest a different timescale for the processing of different stages of grouping, visual grouping processes seem to be completed within a time range spanning a few hundred milliseconds to a second (Kurylo, 1997; Han et al, 1999, 2002; Brick Larkin and Kurylo, 2013). Thus, we reasoned, if effects of structure in SSR emerge when the to-be-recalled sequence is presented as a part of a large scale navigation task, lasting over a minute and requiring continuous changes of viewpoint, then it is unlikely that they are caused by perceptual grouping processes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Structure, Path Characteristics, and Perceptual Grouping in Immediate Serial Spatial Recall

2016

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Immediate serial spatial recall measures the ability to retain sequences of locations in short-term memory and is considered the spatial equivalent of digit span. It is tested by requiring participants to reproduce sequences of movements performed by an experimenter or displayed on a monitor. Different organizational factors dramatically affect serial spatial recall but they are often confounded or underspecified. Untangling them is crucial for the characterization of working-memory models and for establishing the contribution of structure and memory capacity to spatial span. We report five experiments assessing the relative role and independence of factors that have been reported in the literature. Experiment 1 disentangled the effects of spatial clustering and path-length by manipulating the distance of items displayed on a touchscreen monitor. Long-path sequences segregated by spatial clusters were compared with short-path sequences not segregated by clusters. Recall was more accurate for sequences segregated by clusters independently from path-length. Experiment 2 featured conditions where temporal pauses were introduced between or within cluster boundaries during the presentation of sequences with the same paths. Thus, the temporal structure of the sequences was either consistent or inconsistent with a hierarchical representation based on segmentation by spatial clusters but the effect of structure could not be confounded with effects of path-characteristics. Pauses at cluster boundaries yielded more accurate recall, as predicted by a hierarchical model. In Experiment 3, the systematic manipulation of sequence structure, path-length, and presence of path-crossings of sequences showed that structure explained most of the variance, followed by the presence/absence of path-crossings, and path-length. Experiments 4 and 5 replicated the results of the previous experiments in immersive virtual reality navigation tasks where the viewpoint of the observer changed dynamically during encoding and recall. This suggested that the effects of structure in spatial span are not dependent on perceptual grouping processes induced by the aerial view of the stimulus array typically afforded by spatial recall tasks. These results demonstrate the independence of coding strategies based on structure from effects of path characteristics and perceptual grouping in immediate serial spatial recall.

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