I have reached an age when, if someone tells me to wear socks, I don't have to

PurposeIn the last decades, business and management scholars have given great attention to intellectual capital (IC), which could seem a mature topic, having arrived at its third wave of studies. However, its intersections with the business model (BM) remain an under-investigated topic, and the authors wanted to investigate two research questions (RQs): how the literature addressing IC and BM has evolved so far in the business and management domains? What are possible future research trends of business and management studies regarding IC and BM?Design/methodology/approachThis study answers these questions through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 74 peer-reviewed articles in the area of business and management. First, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate what is the current trend of such publications and what are the most relevant articles, authors, countries and journals. Then, a content analysis was performed to aggregate and systematize the results and identify future lines of research.FindingsResults show that most of the studies conducted to date are focused on the aspects of value creation and value capture, with a primary focus on investigating the relationship between IC and firms' performances (e.g. economic, financial and organizational).Originality/valueThe relationship between IC and BM has been quite neglected by the literature, or at least it leaves room for further research lines. For example, little is known about how firms use the various IC assets to leverage new forms of value proposition, new target markets or new sources of revenues. This is one of the first papers systematizing the current body of knowledge on this topic and drawing future lines of research.

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This methodological paper investigates how visual methods contribute to the understanding of consumers' values. The study adopts a digital ethnography approach in which participant generated photographs and videos unearth complex and intangible consumer values associated with food consumption. The findings indicate that visual methods are powerful in moving beyond the representational and offer a transformative capability for participants in making abstract constructs more concrete. The research illustrates that embedded visual methods are compelling in giving "voice" to participants and as such they are more engaged with the research process. In addition, the study suggests that visual methods provide valuable and more complete insights into consumer research when text, sound, and image interplay.

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PurposeThis paper explores the outcomes of the external revealing of knowledge. More specifically, we aim to understand how external revealing of knowledge can be seen as value creation in the craft beer industry.Design/methodology/approachA single-case study methodology is used to answer the research question “What are the outcomes of the external revealing of knowledge?”FindingsThe research highlights several dynamics and outcomes regarding the external revealing of knowledge, mainly connected to creating value for the industry, strengthening a firm's network, enhancing the culture of the territory, gaining access to knowledge, and guaranteeing market competitiveness.Originality/valueA few studies have addressed a specific aspect of outbound open innovation, which involves free revealing of knowledge to external stakeholders. Previous works are mostly conceptual; thus, there is a lack of empirical studies about revealing strategies. This research empirically analyzes the outcomes of the external revealing of knowledge and, more generally, of an open innovation approach.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on consumers’ reactions to cross-border acquisitions (CBA) by exploring the role of consumer perceptions of the psychic distance between the country of the acquirer and that of the target firm when the acquiring corporation has a good or poor reputation. Design/methodology/approach A 2×2 experimental design which manipulated psychic distance and acquirer’s corporate reputation was conducted in Italy. The study considers an Italian food target firm and compares four foreign acquiring firms with different combinations of corporate reputation (good/poor) and psychic distance to Italy (small/large). Findings The authors found that the degree of psychic distance between the countries of the acquiring and targeted firms was inversely related to Italian consumers’ intentions to repurchase the products of the post-acquisition target, and unrelated to the acquirer’s corporate reputation. Originality/value This is the first study focusing on psychic distance in the context of CBA, especially from the perspective of consumer behavior, which can help to better understand certain negative reactions toward the acquisition of a business.

PurposeThe increasing adoption of digital technologies such as social media have changed the way consumers share knowledge about products and services among each other. The aim of this paper is to test what factors drive customers to share knowledge about products and services on social media pages.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey design was employed for this study. Empirical data were drawn from 358 consumers in Italy, using a purposive sampling technique. The hypothesised relationships were tested using ordinary least squares regression modelling.FindingsThe results of this study reveal that the usage frequency of online reviews (UFORs), social bonds (SBs), subjective happiness (SH) and reciprocity positively impact on customer knowledge sharing (CKS). By contrast, the perceived usefulness of online reviews (PUORs), helping others, customer susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII) and informational (INFO) do not impact CKS.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is amongst the first to empirically test the antecedents of knowledge-sharing behaviours about products and services on online social media. The present work offers relevant implications for theory. First, the work enriches the customer knowledge management (CKM) theory by providing empirical evidence on factors leading to the higher sharing of knowledge amongst customers. Second, the work adds to the literature on social media, demonstrating the individual determinants on knowledge-sharing behaviours about products and services in online communities. Practically speaking, this paper identifies some key elements driving CKS in social media conversations. Thus, building upon the findings of this study, the authors provide some guidelines for social media managers and retailers for promoting CKS on social media pages.