In order to use starch as a filler-binder, the pregelatinization method by extrusion can enhance the flow characteristics and compressibility of starch. This study aimed to find the optimum process parameter for producing partially pregelatinized cassava starch (PPCS) using twin screw extrusion and characterizing it as a filler-binder excipient. For arranging experimental trials, a three-level Box-Behnken design with three independent variables—starch moisture content (ranged from 20% to 40%), extrusion temperature (ranged from 50°C to 70°C), and screw speed (ranged from 10 rpm to 30 rpm)—was used to make PPCS. The response surface methodology approach was used for optimization. The desired filler-binder characteristic of PPCS was defined as having good flowability and compactibility properties. The most desirable process parameter was achieved by combining 39.9 percent starch moisture content, 70°C extrusion temperature, and 25.8 rpm screw speed. The results showed that optimized PPCS has good flow properties and also good water absorption capacity. The optimized PPCS had a polygonal shape and a size range of 149-400μm. PPCS showed birefringence characteristics under polarized light, indicating a large number of undamaged starch granules. The PPCS XRD pattern showed peaks at 15°, 17°, 18°, and 23°, and also a relative crystallinity of 27.3 percent. When analyzed with DSC, PPCS revealed glass transition curves and a gelatinization degree of 36.01 percent.
The use of partially pregelatinized starch in tablet formulations is entirely various; one of them is disintegrant. Present pregelatinized starch is imported from another country, which is relatively expensive. In contrast, many plants can be used as starch sources, including cassava which is relatively abundant in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the effect of using partially pregelatinized starch from cassava as a disintegrant in paracetamol tablets. In this study, seven formulas were used with different disintegrants, three formulas using partially pregelatinized starch from cassava with concentrations of F1 5%, F2 10%, and F3 15%, three formulas using Starch 1500 with the same concentration as partially pregelatinized starch from cassava and one control formula without disintegrant. The tablet was made using the wet granulation method. The tablets produced were tested for physical properties (hardness, disintegration, and dissolution). In addition, compact ability of partially pregelatinized starch from cassava was compared with Avicel, Starch 1500, and cassava starch. Based on the results of the study showed that partially pregelatinized starch from cassava produced tablets that tended to be capping with less hardness than tablets with Starch 1500 and control tablets. The compact ability test results showed that the compact ability of partially pregelatinized starch from cassava was better than Starch 1500 and cassava starch. The disintegration test results showed that tablets with partially pregelatinized starch from cassava had faster disintegration than tablets with Starch 1500 and control tablets. The dissolution profile of tablets with partially pregelatinized starch from cassava is also better than other formulas.
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