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A atividade industrial é uma das principais causadoras de impactos ao meio ambiente, especialmente quanto à formação de material particulado ao ar. Uma forma de considera-los é usando a técnica de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, que objetiva analisar o ciclo de vida envolvido em um produto ou processo e associar os impactos causados em cada uma das etapas desse ciclo. Essa técnica tem quatro fases, sendo a fase de Avaliação de Impacto do Ciclo de Vida (AICV) abordada neste trabalho. Nela, relacionam-se os impactos com cada resultado da fase de Inventário do Ciclo de Vida, por meio de modelos de caracterização. Esses modelos objetivam calcular um fator de caracterização (FC), que irá mensurar o nível de impacto dentre as categorias de impacto existentes. Este trabalho tem como foco avaliar modelos de caracterização para a categoria de formação de material particulado, a fim de identificar os modelos mais adequados para serem utilizados no Brasil. A análise foi realizada dividindo o FC no fator de inalação e fator de efeito, sendo o último foco deste estudo. Três modelos foram analisados e os demais modelos existentes serão analisados posteriormente e avaliados quantitativamente, a fim de recomendar os mais adequados a serem aplicados no Brasil. Com isso, permite-se um avanço científico nas pesquisas de AICV no Brasil, além de possibilitar resultados mais próximos à realidade nacional.

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Mineral fertilizers are highly impactful in the agricultural sector, and animal manure can be an alternative to mitigate its impacts. The goal of this research was to estimate the potential environmental impacts on the production of soybean, maize, and wheat at the Lagoa do Sino Farm School from the Federal University of Sao Carlos, contemplating the 2016/2017 cropping season and testing the replacement of 100%, 50%, and 30% of chemical fertilization by composted cow manure. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was the methodology used. The functional unit was one ton of each crop produced on farm. Impacts were also assessed for one hectare of production for each agricultural product investigated and the system boundary was a cradle-to-farm gate. Impacts were assessed using the CML 2000 world+ method for abiotic depletion, global warming, acidification, and eutrophication. Chemical fertilization was the main hotspot for all crops produced. Soybean showed a potential impact of 1489 MJ, 125 kg CO2 eq., 0.6 kg SO2 eq., and 0.4 kg PO4 eq.; the production of maize 1497 MJ, 197 kg CO2 eq., 1 kg SO2 eq., and 0.8 kg PO4 eq.; and the production of wheat 5863 MJ, 632 kg CO2 eq., 3.3 kg SO2 eq., and 2.4 kg PO4 eq. The 30% substitution scenario was the most efficient observed since there is an increase in fuel consumption if distribution of larger amounts of manure are needed. Enriching the manure and investing in fossil fuel substitution will improve the environmental profile of the crops produced under intensive systems in the Southwest state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.