ResumoContexto: Pesquisas têm demonstrado que a entrada na universidade é um período crítico, de vulnerabilidade para o início e a manutenção do uso de álcool e outras drogas. No Brasil, grandes levantamentos domiciliares e entre estudantes do ensino médio foram realizados nos últimos 20 anos; porém, os levantamentos referentes ao consumo de drogas entre universitários são representados por dados dos últimos dez anos. Objetivos: Revisar a evolução desses estudos e relacioná-los aos principais resultados encontrados, referindo a necessidade de novos levantamentos para estimativa do perfil e prevalência dos universitários diante do consumo de drogas no contexto estudado. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica das bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed e Scirus de 1997 a 2007. Resultados: Foram encontradas 12 publicações referentes ao consumo de drogas entre universitários brasileiros. Estão apresentados como estudos de prevalência de uso e estudos de comportamentos de risco, os quais não caracterizam fidedignamente essa população. Conclusões: Há necessidade de estudos que viabilizem a comparação dos resultados, possibilitem adequações de programas de prevenção nessa comunidade, auxiliem na melhoria da qualidade de vida e desenvolvam novas frentes preventivas. A repetição poderá informar como as variáveis se comportam ao longo do tempo e se possibilitam avaliar tendências vindo a constituir estudos seriados. , G.A.; Andrade, A.G. / Rev. Psiq. Clín 35, supl 1; 48-54, 2008 Palavras-chave: Álcool, drogas ilícitas, tabaco, estudantes universitários, Brasil. Wagner AbstractBackground: Research has demonstrated that entrance into college is a critical period in which the student is vulnerable to initiating and continued alcohol and other drug usage. There have been large household surveys and surveys among high school students in Brazil during the last 20 years however, research regarding drug consumption among college students is represented by data solely from the last ten years. Objectives: The goal of this study was to review the evolution of these studies and to relate them to the principal results found in reference to the need for new research by which to profile university students with respect to drug consumption. Methods: A literature review of the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed, and Scirus from 1997 to 2007. Results: Twelve publications regarding drug consumption among Brazilian college students were found. They are presented as studies of prevalence in usage, and of risk behavior but, do not characterize this population faithfully. Conclusions: There is a need for further studies which allow comparisons between surveys in order to make adjustments in prevention programs of this community possible; that promote the improvement of quality of life; and that develop new preventive efforts. Follow-up surveys can bring new light to bear on how the variables behave over time and make tendency evaluations possible, which in turn could constitute studies in series.

Alcohol and drug use among university students: gender differences Uso de álcool e drogas entre estudantes universitários: diferença entre os gêneros Concerning the consumption reported in the last 12 months, both genders displayed significant increases in the consumption of marijuana (22.3% to 27.1% for men and 12.9% to 16.9% for women), amphetamines (1.9% to 5.0% for men and 3.4% to 5.6% for women), and inhalants (9.8% to 15.7% for men and 5.4% to 10.6% for women). The greatest gender difference was observed in consumption reported in the last 30 days with significant increases in male use of tobacco (19.6% to 23.5%), marijuana (15.8% to 20.5%), amphetamines (1.1% to 3.2%), and inhalants (4.0% to 7.9%). Substance use reported in the last 30 days remained stable among women between the 2 surveys. Conclusion: Rates of substance use among university students increased. These gender differences in substance consumption should be taken into account in the development of preventive and treatment strategies for undergraduate university students. Entre os homens, observou-se aumento significativo no uso durante a vida de tabaco (de 44,8% para 50,9%), maconha (de 33,7% para 39,5%) e alucinógenos (de 6,6% para 14,1%) entre os anos de 1996 e 2001. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre as mulheres no uso de tranquilizantes ao longo da vida entre 1996 e 2001. Para o consumo relatado nos últimos 12 meses, para ambos os gêneros observou-se aumento significativo no uso de maconha (de 22,3% para 27,1% entre os homens e de 12,9% para 16,9% entre as mulheres), anfetaminas (de 1,9% para 5,0% entre os homens e de 3,4% para 5,6% entre as mulheres) e inalantes (de 9,8% para 15,7% entre os homens e de 5,4% para 10,6% entre as mulheres). A maior diferença entre os gêneros foi observada no consumo relatado nos últimos 30 dias, com aumento significativo no consumo de tabaco entre os homens (de 19,6% para 23,5%), maconha (de 15,8% para 20,5%), anfetaminas (de 1,1% para 3,2%) e inalantes (de 4,0% para 7,9%). O uso de substâncias relatado nos últimos 30 dias permaneceu estável para as mulheres entre os dois levantamentos. Conclusão: Observou-se aumento no uso de diversas substâncias entre os estudantes universitários. As diferenças observadas entre os gêneros quanto ao uso de substâncias devem ser levadas em conta quando do desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e de tratamento para essa população.

No abstract

ResumoContexto: A prevalência do uso prescrito de metilfenidato (MPH) e correlatos ainda é pouco conhecida no Brasil. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência do uso prescrito de MPH e correlatos em uma amostra populacional de universitários brasileiros. Métodos: Doze mil setecentos e onze universitários foram solicitados a responder a um questionário sobre o uso de drogas. Em relação ao uso na vida de MPH, os universitários foram divididos em dois grupos: usuários de MPH (MPHU) e não usuários de MPH (MPHNU). Um modelo de regressão quasibinomial foi usado para avaliar a correlação desse uso com as demais variáveis. Resultados: 0,9% dos universitários relataram ter feito uso de MPH na vida (MPHU). Ser da região Centro-Oeste (RP = 4,8; p < 0,01) e Sul (RP = 5,2; p < 0,05), morar em repúblicas (RP = 5,8; p < 0,001), já ter feito uso prescrito de anfetaminas (RP = 8,9; p < 0,001) e benzodiazepínicos (< 3 semanas: RP = 4,4; p < 0,001; ≥ 3 semanas: RP = 6,7; p < 0,001) e fazer uso recente e de risco de álcool (RP = 4,0; p < 0,05) foram variáveis associadas ao MPHU. Conclusão: A associação do uso de álcool e de outras drogas com o uso prescrito de MPH entre universitários sugere a importância da triagem do padrão do uso de álcool e de outras drogas entre estudantes com sintomas de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH). Cesar ELR, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2012;39(6):183-8Palavras-chave: Metilfenidato, transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, drogas recreacionais, dependência de drogas, universitários. AbstractBackground: The prevalence of prescribed use of methylphenidate (MPH) and its correlates are not well-known in Brazil. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of prescribed use of MPH and its correlates in a sample of Brazilian college students. Methods: Twelve-thousand seven hundred and eleven college students filled out a drug use questionnaire. They were divided into two groups based on the lifetime use of MPH: MPH users (MPHU) and MPH non-users (MPHNU). Quasi-binomial regression models were carried out in order to evaluate the correlation among MPHU and other variables. Results: A lifetime use of MPH was reported from 0.9% of college students (MPHU). Being from the Midwest (PR = 4.8, p < 0.01) and South (PR = 5.2, p < 0.05), living in students housing (PR = 5.8, p < 0.001), prescribed use of amphetamines (PR = 8.9, p < 0.001) and benzodiazepines (< 3 weeks: PR = 4.4, p < 0.001; ≥ 3 weeks: PR = 6.7, p < 0.001), and harmful use of alcohol (PR = 4.0, p < 0.05) were correlated with MPHU. Discussion: The association of alcohol and drug use with prescribed use of MPH among college students suggests the importance of screening drinking patterns and use of other drugs among students with ADHD symptoms.

Background: To identify modifiable risk factors that contribute to cancer holds important public health relevance for setting up prevention strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of cancer cases and deaths attributable to alcohol consumption, high body mass index (BMI), low fruits and vegetables consumption, lack of physical activity, tobacco smoking, and passive smoking in Chile in 2018. Methods: We retrieved data from a national representative survey to describe the distribution of six lifestyle risk factors. Relative risks of each risk factor-cancer pair were obtained from published meta-analysis and pooled cohort studies. Cancer cases and deaths were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2018. Results: Nearly 30% of all cancer cases (15,097 out of 50,320 cases) and 36% of all cancer deaths (10,155 out of 28,010 deaths) in Chile in 2018 were attributable to lifestyle risk factors. Smoking and high BMI accounted for most of the cancer cases (9232 and 4394, respectively) and deaths (6868 and 2572). The cancer burden of other lifestyle risk factors varied by sex. In men, the proportion of all cancer cases attributed to alcohol were 3.7% compare to 2.0% for women. Cancers cases and deaths of the larynx, lung, oral/cavity, esophagus and bladder could be at least halved if lifestyle risk factors were eliminated. Conclusion: Smoking and high BMI were the leading causes of preventable cancer cases and deaths within the six lifestyles factors considered. Cancer prevention strategies should consider evidence-based interventions and public policies to encourage the adoption of a healthier lifestyle.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze drug use trends among college students in 1996, 2001 and 2009. METHODS:A cross-sectional epidemiological study with a multistage stratifi ed cluster sample with 9,974 college students was conducted in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on drug use assessed in lifetime, the preceding 12 months and the preceding 30 days. The Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons of drug use rates between surveys. RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:Over the 13-year study period, there was an increase in lifetime use of tobacco, hallucinogens, amphetamines, and tranquilizers. There was an increase in amphetamine use and a reduction in alcohol use during the preceding 12 months. There was an increase in amphetamine use during the preceding 30 days.

ObjectivesWe examined the patterns of total and domain-specific physical activity (PA) by sex, socioeconomic status and maternal education level in adolescents from Sao Paulo city, Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsWe included a representative sample of 2682 (52.2% boys) adolescents aged 14–15 years from public and private schools in Sao Paulo, 2017. Socioeconomic status was assessed using a wealth index derived from principal component analysis. Descriptive analyses evaluated differences in total and domain-specific PA by sex, socioeconomic status and maternal education level.Outcome measuresWe collected data on the frequency and duration that adolescents spent in each PA domain (active transportation, leisure PA and physical education classes) through a self-report questionnaire.ResultsOn average, adolescents spent 197.7 min/week (95% CI 190.6–204.8) in total PA. The proportion of adolescents achieving at least 60 min/day (≥420 min/week) was 12.7% (95% CI 11.4–14.1), with a higher prevalence in boys (18.3%) and in those with higher socioeconomic status (17.4%). Similar patterns were observed for leisure PA and physical education classes. Active transportation was higher in girls (46.0 min/week; 95% CI 42.6–49.6) than in boys (43.4 min/week, 95% CI 39.9–46.6). Boys and adolescents with higher socioeconomic status and higher maternal education level had higher levels of total PA.ConclusionsWe found a variation in patterns of total and domain-specific PA by sex, socioeconomic status and maternal education level in adolescents from Sao Paulo. Initiatives for promoting PA in adolescents should take these findings into account.

No abstract