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Concerns about the negative effects of agriculture on soil physical quality and soil organic carbon (SOC) pools have spurred on the adoption of conservation tillage systems in tropical regions. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term impacts (16 th year) of conventional (CT), minimum (MT) and no-tillage (NT) practices and different cover crops (sunn hemp and a bean/ millet sequence) on soil physical properties and SOC content of a corn cultivated Ultisol in the northeast of Brazil. Soil bulk density (Bd), soil penetration resistance (SPR), soil aggregation, and total aggregate-associated carbon (C) (4-2 mm) were evaluated. Tillage practices exerted strong control on soil physical properties and total aggregate-C content but were influenced by cover crop species. Minimum tillage presented the lowest Bd, irrespective of cover crop, while NT with bean/millet sequence resulted in the lowest SPR. However, as regards soil aggregation and total aggregate-C, the results indicated that there were no differences between MT and NT, with both systems presenting greater mean weight diameter (MWD) and total aggregate-C content than CT. Total aggregate-C content in the 0.00-0.05 m soil layer in conservation tillage was increased by the adoption of a bean/millet sequence. Increased mechanical disturbance through CT practices was harmful to Bd, soil aggregation and SOC accrual. Overall, more conservative tillage practices and the proper choice of cover crops might yield greater soil quality. Low intensity of soil disturbances due to the adoption of MT favors soil aggregation and the accrual of SOC in weakly structured soils through increases in contact between organic and mineral particles while not causing significant destruction of soil aggregates.

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ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito de diferentes intensidades de desbaste sobre a forma do fuste de povoamentos naturais de Eremanthus incanus. Para tal, utilizaram-se dados de um experimento implantado em 2002, em um local de larga ocorrência da espécie, localizado no município de Morro do Pilar/MG. Aproximadamente três anos após uma intensa regeneração da espécie, proporcionada pela ocorrência de fogo, foram aplicadas cinco diferentes intensidades de desbaste, para posterior comparação com a testemunha sem desbaste, totalizando seis tratamentos. Sete anos e meio após a aplicação dos tratamentos, foram cubadas 360 árvores, em pé, distribuídas nos diferentes tratamentos e classes diamétricas. Foram testados os modelos de afilamento propostos por Schöepfer (1966), Hradetzky (1976) e Kozak, Munro e Smith (1969), e a possibilidade de agrupamento dos tratamentos no modelo selecionado pelo teste de identidade. O modelo proposto por Schöepfer (1966) foi o mais acurado e preciso na estimativa dos diâmetros ao longo do fuste. Enquanto os diâmetros a diferentes alturas foram estimados satisfatoriamente, todos os três modelos avaliados apresentaram tendência a subestimar o volume para as árvores maiores. Pelo teste de identidade de modelos, verificouse a possibilidade de agrupamento da equação de afilamento para as duas menores intensidades de desbaste, bem como o agrupamento das árvores nos três tratamentos onde o espaço vital disponível era maior. As árvores conduzidas em menores densidades apresentaram forma mais cônica em relação às árvores conduzidas em maiores densidades. A testemunha apresentou árvores com características específicas, menos cônicas, e necessidade de utilização de uma equação exclusiva para quantificação dos seus múltiplos produtos. Palavras-chave: Funções de afilamento, candeia, teste de identidade de modelos, perfil do tronco AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the effect of different thinning intensities on stem taper of Eremanthus incanus in naturally regenerated stands. Data from an experiment located at Morro do Pilar/MG and installed in 2002 were used. About three years after a fire occurrence that provided an intense regeneration of Eremanthus incanus, five thinning intensities were applied and compared with a control treatment with no thinning. Seven and a half years after installation of the trial 360 standing trees in the different thinning treatments and diameter classes were scaled. Three taper equations were tested: Schöepfer (1966), Hradetzky (1976) and Kozak, Munro e Smith (1969), as well as the possibility of grouping

Nitrogen (N) fertilization effects on Eucalyptus growth and soil carbon (C) stocks are still controversial. We set up an N fertilization experiment in southern Brazil to evaluate initial tree growth and changes in soil organic matter (SOM). Four N levels (24-Reference, 36, 48 and 108 kg ha −1 of N) were tested and tree growth was assessed during the first two years. Afterwards, representative trees were chosen to evaluate fine-root biomass (FRB) and its spatial distribution. Soil was sampled to a 40-cm depth and SOM was fractionated in Particulate (POM) and Mineral-Associated Organic Matter (MAOM) for C and N content, and δ 13 C determination. Positive N effect on tree growth was seen only for tree height. N addition resulted in higher FRB. Changes in SOM were more expressive in top-soil layers. Overall, afforestation had positive effects on soil C. Increasing reference N dose resulted in higher C and N content in both SOM fractions. C and N dynamics were tightly correlated, especially in MAOM. Eucalypt-derived C was on average three-fold higher in POM. In summary, we showed that N fertilization may have positive but limited effects on tree growth, nevertheless it enhances fine-root biomass and C and N accumulation in SOM pools.

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