The effect of aqueous extract of Spondias mombin leaves extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in alloxan induced diabetes was studied. Forty male albino Wistar rats (100-150 g body weight) were used. The rats were randomly selected into four groups containing 10 rats each. Group 1 was the control group and it was placed on normal rat chow. Group 2 was the Spondias mombin (spm) group placed on normal rat chow and given 250 mg/kg extract orally. Group 3 was the alloxan-induced diabetic (150 mg/kg) group (DM) and Group 4 was the diabetic group treated with 250 mg/kg extracts (Dm+spm). At the end of 30 days blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and used for biochemical analysis. Results obtained revealed that blood glucose level in group 3 (Dm) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than control but the administration of Spondias mombin leaves extract significantly reduced the blood glucose level (p<0.05). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly raised in the diabetic group while High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Treatment with extract decreased TC, TG, LDL but significantly increased the HDL level (p<0.05). Lipid peroxidation was increased in the diabetic group and treatment with extract significantly reduced (p<0.05) the level of lipid peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were decreased significantly in the diabetic group. Administration of extracts increased the antioxidant enzymes activities. The result suggests that aqueous extracts of Spondias mombin leaves possess hypoglycemic effects and improve lipid profile of diabetic rats. This effect may be secondary to its ability to reduce oxidative stress.
Learning and memory are vital attributes of human intelligence. These processes underlie the very nature of our self-awareness, planning and execution of task. The number of people living with dementia worldwide is currently estimated at 35.6 million. About 80% of the world’s population depend on herbal remedies to curb mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administration of ethanolic leaves extract of Gongronema latifolium (GL) on learning and memory in mice. Thirty (30) adult male Swiss white mice were assigned into three groups of ten mice each. Group I served as the control. Groups 2 and 3 received 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of GL extract respectively. All the animals were allowed food and water ad libitum. Learning and memory was assessed using the Morris water-maze. Results showed that the swimming latencies during the acquisition and reversal trainings, and probe trial were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in the extract treated groups when compared with the control. The south-east duration was significantly (p<0.001) increased in the extract treated groups when compared with the control group. There was a corresponding decrease (p<0.001) in the south-east duration in the extract treated groups when compared to the control. In conclusion, extract of GL enhances visio-spatial learning and cognitive memory. It could therefore be of therapeutically use in cases of memory loss or impairment. Keywords: Gongronema latifolium, learning, memory, Morris water maze, mice.
Gongronema latifolium (GL) is reported to have hepato-protective and nephron-protective ability. Diabetes is associated with liver and kidney damage. This work was designed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium on liver and kidney functions in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 40 Wistar rats of both sexes (150g-200g) were divided into five (n=8). Group 1- normal control (received normal saline placebo orally). Group 2 received 200mg/kg GL orally. Group 3 was the diabetic group administered 65mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally for two consecutive days with an interval of one day in between. Group 4 (diabetic + GL group) had STZ (65mg/kg i.p.) + oral administration of 200mg/kg GL. Group 5 was the diabetic group treated with insulin subcutaneously. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture to assess Liver enzymes activity, Serum electrolytes biomarkers, Urea and Creatinine. The Result shows a significant (P<0.05) increase in the glucose level of the diabetic group compared to the control. Intervention with GL and insulin significantly reduced the glucose level towards normal. The liver enzymes activity was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the diabetic group but was significantly (p<0.01) decreased following treatment with GL and insulin. Sodium, potassium, chloride, urea and creatinine were significantly (p<0.01) increased in the diabetic group with a decrease in bicarbonate. GL and insulin significantly (p<0.01) reversed these changes in electrolytes and liver enzymes activity towards normal. Results presented shows that GL just like insulin possess hypoglycemic, nephro and hepato-protective potential. Thus, in diabetic condition, Gongronema latifolium leaf extract may exert ameliorative effect on these target organs. Keywords: Gongronema Latifolium, Diabetes, insulin, serum electrolytes, liver enzymes, rats.
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