ResumenEn este trabajo se evalúa el efecto de la concentración de nitrógeno y fósforo sobre la acumulación de Astaxantina en Haematococcus pluvialis UTEX 2505, utilizando un diseño de experimentos factorial 3 2 . Las variables de respuestas cuantificadas fueron el crecimiento celular, la producción de Astaxantina, perfil lipídico y el módulo de Young de la membrana celular. Se encontró que la productividad celular aumenta al incrementar los niveles de nitrógeno, en contraste con las bajas concentraciones de nitrógeno y fósforo que muestra un efecto positivo sobre la producción de Astaxantina. El estrés generado por la limitación de nutrientes (fuente de nitrógeno y fósforo) disminuye la rigidez de la pared celular en la microalga. Como conclusión, para obtener concentraciones más altas de Astaxantina, es necesario limitar los niveles de nitrógeno y fósforo. AbstractIn this study, the effect of the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus on the accumulation of Astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis UTEX 2505 was evaluated using a factorial 3 2 design. The dependent variables were cell growth, Astaxanthin production, lipid profile and Young's modulus of the cell membrane. It was found that cellular productivity increases when nitrogen levels were high, in contrast to low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus that showed a positive effect on Astaxanthin production. The stress generated by the source of nutrients decreases the rigidity of the cellular wall in the microalgae. As a conclusion, to obtain higher concentrations of Astaxanthin it is necessary to limit the nitrogen and phosphorus levels.

The alarming levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) are an environmental problem that affects the economic growth of the world. CO2 emissions represent penalties and restrictions due to the high carbon footprint. Therefore, sustainable strategies are required to reduce the negative impact that occurs. Among the potential systems for CO2 capture are microalgae. These are defined as photosynthetic microorganisms that use CO2 and sunlight to obtain oxygen (O2) and generate value-added products such as biofuels, among others. Despite the advantages that microalgae may present, there are still technical–economic challenges that limit industrial-scale commercialization and the use of biomass in the production of added-value compounds. Therefore, this study reviews the current state of research on CO2 capture with microalgae, for which bibliometric analysis was used to establish the trends of the subject in terms of scientometric parameters. Technological advances in the use of microalgal biomass were also identified. Additionally, it was possible to establish the different cooperation networks between countries, which showed interactions in the search to reduce CO2 concentrations through microalgae.

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