The development of Interoperability is a necessity for organisations to achieve business goals and capture new market opportunities. Indeed, interoperability allows enterprises to exchange information and use it to seize their shared goals. Therefore, it should be verified and continuously improved. This is the main objective of the Interoperability Assessment (INAS). Indeed, such an assessment aims at determining the strengths and weakness of an enterprise in terms of interoperability. Many surveys and reviews have been proposed in the literature to analyse the existing INAS approaches. However, the majority of these reviews are focusing on specific properties rather than a general view of an INAS. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic literature review of INAS approaches. The objectives are to identify the relevant INAS approaches and to compare them based on a holistic view based on their similar and different properties (e.g. type of assessment, the used measurement mechanism, and the addressed interoperability barriers). A bibliometric analysis of the selected INAS approaches is also conducted with a discussion of their advantages and limitations.
Enterprise Interoperability is a requirement for ensuring an effective collaboration within a network of enterprises. Therefore, interoperability should be continuously assessed and improved for avoiding collaboration issues. To do so, an interoperability assessment can be performed by the concerned enterprises. Such an assessment provides an overview of the enterprise systems' strengths and weaknesses regarding interoperability. A plethora of assessment approaches are proposed in the literature. The majority of them focus on one single aspect of interoperability. In general, to have a holistic view of the assessed systems, i.e. consider different aspects, enterprises have to apply different approaches. However, the application of multiple approaches may cause redundancy and confusion when assessing the same system using different metrics and viewpoints. Therefore, this article is to propose an ontology for interoperability assessment. The main objective of such an ontology is to provide a sound description of all relevant concepts and relationships regarding an interoperability assessment. Inference rules are also provided for reasoning on interoperability problems. A case study based on a real enterprise in presented to evaluate the proposed ontology.
When two or more systems work together, it is crucial to verify interoperability. Systems engineers should be working to continuously improve the ability to interoperate for maintaining a sustainable and efficient collaboration among the networked systems. Systems could benefit from the use of interoperability assessments for identifying their strengths and weakness as well as their compatibility with potential collaborative peer systems. However, the current assessment approaches do not explicitly define the interoperability requirements and their interdependencies. Acknowledging the different requirement dependencies supports the identification of impacts on the overall system, for example implications within a network caused by changes in the collaboration strategy or the introduction of a new information technology tool. Thus, based on model‐based systems engineering, this paper defines a networked enterprise as a system of systems (SoS) and proposes to use the SoS characteristics for identifying interoperability requirements and their dependencies. Further, we formalise and utilise inputs for an assessment tool.
Interoperability is an essential requirement to be verified when enterprises are starting and maintaining a collaborative relationship. To ensure that such a requirement is continuously met, interoperability needs to be assessed. Various assessment approaches have been proposed in the literature to identify strengths and weakness of a system in terms of their ability to interoperate. However, the main existing approaches are addressing specific aspects of interoperability and focusing on only one type of measurement. To assess different aspects of interoperability of the same system, one may use multiples approaches which might cause redundancy and confusion considering the different metrics. Therefore, the objective of this paper, is to propose an assessment approach based on the so called "Ontology of Enterprise Interoperability". The proposed approach is supported by a semi-automated tool aiming at reducing the time and paperwork required for evaluation. A real case study dealing with a networked enterprise is used to validate the approach.
One of the main challenges within collaborative business ecosystems is the management of Interoperability. Indeed, Interoperability is a crucial prerequisite that must be satisfied when enterprises need to work together for seizing new business opportunities and improving competitiveness. To develop and improve enterprise systems interoperability, a set of interoperability requirements needs to be verified. Indeed, knowing the different requirements and their relationships are paramount for identifying potential impacts on the overall system. Many research work have been proposed in the literature for defining and analysing such requirements. However, existing work do not explicitly specify the interdependencies between interoperability requirements. The objective of this article is, therefore, to investigate and define the interoperability requirements and their interdependencies. This will provide a holistic and clear view of the relations between the system components and their associated requirements. Therefore, one will be able to identify potential causes of the non-fulfilment of requirements, and their impacts on the concerned system. To do so, a Requirements Engineering approach is used to identify and formalise interoperability requirements and their relationships.
A plethora of approaches to assess the ability of companies to interoperate can be found in the literature. Nevertheless, most of the current assessment approaches are following manual-conducted processes, which can be laborious, time-consuming and costly. Therefore, this paper aims at developing a knowledge-based system for supporting an interoperability assessment process using an ontology as its knowledge model. The resulting system allows identifying potential interoperability problems and related solutions based on the knowledge model including information of the assessed enterprise(s). A real business case is presented for evaluating the proposed approach.
To handle challenges such as globalization, new technologies and fast-changing environments, enterprises are progressively collaborating with others and becoming part of a Networked. In this context, Enterprise Interoperability (EI) is a crucial requirement that needs to be respected by enterprises when starting a collaborative relationship. As soon as this requirement is not achieved, EI becomes a problem that must be solved. To avoid these problems and consequently, take corrective actions on time, enterprises need to predict and solve potential problems before they occur. The Maturity Model for Enterprise Interoperability (MMEI) was proposed to assess the interoperability potential of an enterprise as well as to help enterprises evaluating the suitability of partners in an interoperability context. However, this method has some inconveniences such as the lack of formal definitions specifying the boundaries between each maturity level. Hence the objective of this paper is to formalize the MMEI maturity levels boundaries by defining formal measures. Finally, a case study is proposed to validate the defined measures.
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