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Abstract Daiphron bipartitus Pic, 1934 is a poorly known species whose systematic position in the subfamily Chaulioganthinae is still controversial. In this paper we describe immature stages of D. bipartitus which were found inhabiting fallen bromeliads Vriesea bituminosa in southeastern Brazilian Atlantic forest. Adults are redescribed, including the first study of male and female genitalia. Larva, pupa and adult are illustrated in detail and compared with other species of Daiphron Gorham, 1881 and Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830. We discuss the systematic position of Daiphron bipartitus within Chauliognathinae on the basis of morphological comparison of its immature and adult characters. Both were found to be more similar to species of Chauliognathus than to Daiphron mediofasciatum Pic, 1949, which supports the hypothesis of polyphyly of Daiphron. Aspects of the species biology and occasional association with bromeliads are discussed.

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A new fossil genus and species of Cantharidae, Nothotytthonyx serratus Li, Biffi, Kundrata & Cai gen. et sp. nov., is reported from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The new species is tentatively attributed to the extant subfamily Malthininae based on a combination of characters, including the symmetrical apical maxillary palpomeres, shortened elytra, pronotum with arched margins and well-defined borders, tibiae with apical spurs, and tarsal claws simple, although its well-developed gonostyli are atypical in Malthininae. The discovery of Nothotytthonyx also suggests a possible Gondwanan origin for Malthininae.

The genus Microdaiphron Pic, 1926 is revised. Ten species are recognized as valid: Microdaiphron polemioides (Kirsch, 1889), M. implicitus (Erichson, 1847) comb. nov., M. pauloensis (Pic, 1926), M. peruvianus Pic, 1938, M. mendesensis (Pic, 1926), M. tapuruquara sp. nov., M. geodesicus sp. nov., M. batasitensis (Pic, 1926), M. guyanensis Constantin, 2016, and M. brevehumeralis Pic, 1938. Other 23 names within Microdaiphron are synonymized with the currently valid species, whilst Microdaiphron bicoloricornis Pic, 1947 is transferred to Malthesis Motschulsky, 1853. The taxonomic status of three primary homonyms is also discussed. Daiphron polemioides var. atripenne Pic, 1927 (=Microdaiphron implicitus comb. nov.) is the senior homonym of Daiphron atripenne Pic, 1934 and Daiphron atripenne var. bipartitum Pic, 1934. The later is synonymized and reinstated as a valid species under the name D. bipartitus Pic, 1934. Descriptions, distribution maps and illustrations of diagnostic features are presented for all valid taxa, including the photographs of primary types in all available names within Microdaiphron.

The subtribe Cylindromorphoidina Cobos, 1979, the only representative of tribe Aphanisticini in the Neotropical region, is currently composed of two genera, Eurynodes Théry, 1934 and Cylindromorphoides Kerremans, 1903. The genus Taphroceroides Hespenheide, 2007, originally proposed in Cylindromorphoidina, is currently placed in Brachyina (tribe Tracheini). A detailed morphological comparison of Taphroceroides species with members of Eurynodes and Cylindromorphoides shows similarities that strongly support their transference back to Cylindromorphoidina. A new morphological definition and classification of Cylindromorphoidina is presented along with the description of new species in the three genera: Eurynodes gemmatus sp. nov., E. capillatus sp. nov., Cylindromorphoides ferrugifrons sp. nov., Taphroceroides brunneus sp. nov., and T. brasiliensis sp. nov. Photographs and comments on the type series of previously described species are provided. New biological data and possible association of Cylindromorphoidina species with Bromeliaceae are reported. Finally, a distribution map is provided for all species of Cylindromorphoidina.

Three new species of Paramaronius Wittmer from southeastern Brazil are described and illustrated: P. serranus sp. n., P. brancuccii sp. n. and P. cavipennis sp. n. Paramaronius impressipennis (Pic) is redescribed, with supplementary description of the female. This species is recorded from Northeastern Brazil for the first time and its distribution pattern is discussed. A distribution map of Paramaronius in South America is provided. An identification key to all known species of the genus as well as photographs are given.

Jurasaidae are a family of neotenic elateroid beetles which was described recently from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot based on three species in two genera. All life stages live in the soil, including the larviform females, and only adult males are able to fly. Here, we report the discovery of two new species, Jurasai miraculum sp. nov. and J. vanini sp. nov., and a new, morphologically remarkable population of J. digitusdei Rosa et al., 2020. Our discovery sheds further light on the diversity and biogeography of the group. Most species of Jurasaidae are known from the rainforest remnants of the Atlantic Forest, but here for the first time we report a jurasaid species from the relatively drier Atlantic Forest/Caatinga transitional zone. Considering our recent findings, minute body size and cryptic lifestyle of all jurasaids, together with potentially high numbers of yet undescribed species of this family from the Atlantic Forest and possibly also other surrounding ecoregions, we call for both field research in potentially suitable localities as well as for a detailed investigation of a massive amount of already collected but still unprocessed materials deposited in a number of Brazilian institutes, laboratories and collections.