The author's standpoint regarding the category definition of "higher education institution competitiveness" is given in the paper. The most important characteristic of the general higher education institution competitiveness is defined as satisfaction of internal stakeholders-employees, achieved by means of implementing two directions: meeting employees' needs in decent working conditions; meeting needs of external stakeholders to the fullest extent allowing personnel to be proud of belonging to a higher education institution. The authors revealed and systematized the factors influencing the level of higher education institution competitiveness. The methodological ideas on higher education institution competitiveness are considered and the authors' technique of a higher education institution competitiveness assessment in educational services markets, scientific research and development, labor and general competitiveness including the following stages is presented: our opinion is that on the whole the technique of a higher education institution competitiveness assessment is to include the following stages: indicators formation of higher education institution competitiveness assessment and their classification according to competitiveness types; indicator distribution of a higher education institution competitiveness assessment in preference manner; an indicator assessment on the basis of the subjective and objective approach; an integrated indicator assessment of higher education institution competitiveness (the general one and by types of competitiveness). The need for use of the subjective and objective approach to a higher education institution competitiveness assessment is proved.Keywords: competitiveness, competitiveness assessment indicators, competitiveness factors, higher education institution, labor market, market of educational services 2) Conditions of competitive fight: higher education institution competitiveness characterizes its ability to satisfy the needs of stakeholders in the markets of educational services, scientific research and development and labor under more attractive conditions, than other higher education institutions; www.ccsenet.org/res Review of European Studies
Abstract. Land resources are the basis of economic and territorial development of any country. Land reform in the Russian Federation started in 1990-1991, its goal was to solve a wide range of issues in the field of agriculture, the formation and development of local government, housing construction, and ecology. At the same time, social and economic transformations were carried out, private ownership of land and payment for land use was introduced, and the development of the land market was stimulated. Now more than 25 years have passed since the beginning of the land reform and it is possible to sum up some of its results. The studied regionSamara region -is located in the southeast of the European territory of Russia in the chernozem zone, therefore the agricultural land is predominant in the land stock and the main part of the territory is occupied by agrolandscapes. The purpose of this article is to analyse the changes in agrolandscapes of the Samara region for the post-Soviet period as one of the results of the land reform. A significant decrease in the fertility of agrolandscapes soil was noted. There was a decrease in humus reserves in the arable horizon, which is associated with decline in the cropping culture, the prevalence of extensive management practices, and, consequently, a decrease in the amount of organic and mineral fertilizers used. The annual loss of humus in the region is 0.4 t / ha. The areas of waterlogged soils causing delays in land treatment have significantly increased (by 9506 ha). The area of secondary saline land decreased due to the reduction of irrigated land and the area of disturbed landdue to lack of land reclamation. Due to the development of pipeline transport and oil-extracting industries in the region, in many areas there is land contaminated with oil products. The causes of negative processes in agrolandscapes are studied and measures for solving identified problems are proposed.
The issues of environmental protection, prevention of degradation and reclamation of damaged land are currently very significant and relevant. As damaged land has been observed the land where low productivity and low economic potential have arisen and natural productivity of ecosystems is changed due to human-caused activities. The nature and extent of the violation depends on the type, depth and duration of anthropogenic impact, on adopted system of work organization and the conditions of the environment. Black soil dominates in the soil cover in Samara region, therefore there has been developed agricultural production. However there are located large oilfields and gas fields, which are under active exploitation and reduction of vegetation, dumping technological sites, laying trenches for pipelines, etc. have been noticed, which leads to formation of technogenic soils, damaged land cover, loss of soil fertility and land use type change. There special restoration measure - reclamation should be putted into practice on the territory of all categories of land, but especially on agricultural land. The aim of the article is to study the situation with damaged agricultural land in Samara region of Russia and to develop scientifically based proposals for regeneration of its fertility after reclamation measures. The problems of pollution of agricultural land in the region have been investigated, main sources and types of pollution have been analysed, as well as legal, methodological and environmental protection documents on land reclamation have been studied. The peculiarities of reclamation of land on federal, municipal and property level have been considered. The article presents measures for reclamation of the land on the example of natural monopolies in the territory of the Samara region.
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