Abstract. Land resources are the basis of economic and territorial development of any country. Land reform in the Russian Federation started in 1990-1991, its goal was to solve a wide range of issues in the field of agriculture, the formation and development of local government, housing construction, and ecology. At the same time, social and economic transformations were carried out, private ownership of land and payment for land use was introduced, and the development of the land market was stimulated. Now more than 25 years have passed since the beginning of the land reform and it is possible to sum up some of its results. The studied regionSamara region -is located in the southeast of the European territory of Russia in the chernozem zone, therefore the agricultural land is predominant in the land stock and the main part of the territory is occupied by agrolandscapes. The purpose of this article is to analyse the changes in agrolandscapes of the Samara region for the post-Soviet period as one of the results of the land reform. A significant decrease in the fertility of agrolandscapes soil was noted. There was a decrease in humus reserves in the arable horizon, which is associated with decline in the cropping culture, the prevalence of extensive management practices, and, consequently, a decrease in the amount of organic and mineral fertilizers used. The annual loss of humus in the region is 0.4 t / ha. The areas of waterlogged soils causing delays in land treatment have significantly increased (by 9506 ha). The area of secondary saline land decreased due to the reduction of irrigated land and the area of disturbed landdue to lack of land reclamation. Due to the development of pipeline transport and oil-extracting industries in the region, in many areas there is land contaminated with oil products. The causes of negative processes in agrolandscapes are studied and measures for solving identified problems are proposed.
The issues of environmental protection, prevention of degradation and reclamation of damaged land are currently very significant and relevant. As damaged land has been observed the land where low productivity and low economic potential have arisen and natural productivity of ecosystems is changed due to human-caused activities. The nature and extent of the violation depends on the type, depth and duration of anthropogenic impact, on adopted system of work organization and the conditions of the environment. Black soil dominates in the soil cover in Samara region, therefore there has been developed agricultural production. However there are located large oilfields and gas fields, which are under active exploitation and reduction of vegetation, dumping technological sites, laying trenches for pipelines, etc. have been noticed, which leads to formation of technogenic soils, damaged land cover, loss of soil fertility and land use type change. There special restoration measure - reclamation should be putted into practice on the territory of all categories of land, but especially on agricultural land. The aim of the article is to study the situation with damaged agricultural land in Samara region of Russia and to develop scientifically based proposals for regeneration of its fertility after reclamation measures. The problems of pollution of agricultural land in the region have been investigated, main sources and types of pollution have been analysed, as well as legal, methodological and environmental protection documents on land reclamation have been studied. The peculiarities of reclamation of land on federal, municipal and property level have been considered. The article presents measures for reclamation of the land on the example of natural monopolies in the territory of the Samara region.
The problems of pollution of agricultural land in the region have been considered, the main sources and types of pollution have been analyzed, legal, methodical and environmental documents on land reclamation have been studied. Activities on the reclamation of disturbed agricultural land are presented on the example of land-use facilities of natural monopolies in the Samara region.
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As result of land reform in Russian Federation the public administration of agricultural land has been totally transformed. Land reform was carried out in order to solve problems in the sphere of agriculture, housing construction, ecology, creating a plurality of land ownership forms, introducing land use payments, etc. The decision to cancel monopoly of state ownership in land and to create institution of private property was made. The land redistribution projects for each farm were made, where stock of shares, stock of land redistribution and stock of land administered by previous soviet village councils was represented. The example of the Samara region was used to develop mechanisms for transfer of public land to private ownership. Currently, the situation with use of the land in many agricultural enterprises can be considered as unsatisfactory due to unsystematic economic activity - there are no or are not implemented scientifically based crop rotations, natural soil fertility is not taken into account, there is no modern cartographic material indicating the size of the fields, degree of slope and degree of erosion. Significant deterioration of the agro-ecological situation and the spread of negative processes on arable land require changes in national land policy and development of comprehensive measures to organize rational use of land. In the near future, a significant modernization of national and federal land legislation is planned, which will affect all subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of the management and use of agricultural land.
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