Aims:To evaluate farmer's perceptions about the environmental and vulnerability impact of bush burning. Study Design: Field survey.
The study was conducted to determine the fertility status and irrigation potentials of selected Fadama soils in Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria. An area of about 54 ha of Fadama land was randomly selected within each site based on their usage for intensive irrigation agriculture. Three transects that are 300 m apart were cut in each of the Fadama areas. Four sampling points that are 150 m apart were located along each transect. The latitude and longitude of the areas sampled were determined with the aid of Global Positioning System (GARMIN, 12 Channel Receiver Model). The samplings were made at (0 to 20 cm) depth with hand trowel at each point. All soil samples were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The soils were Silt loam, loam and silty clay loam. Soil reaction varied from slightly acidic to neutral. The selected Fadama soils of Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria in their present status has low to moderate nutrient with moderate buffering capacity. These areas have potential for irrigation of rice, vegetables and maize crops, using underground and surface water. The incorporation of crop residues and application of inorganic fertilizers to the soils will play an important role in nutrient availability of these soils. Regular soil evaluation is imperative for sustainable crop production and increase yield.
This study was conducted to evaluate revenue generation in Numan, Southwestern Adamawa State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty questionnaires were administered to randomly selected staff of Finance, Education, Administration and Livestock departments respectively. All the questionnaires were completed and returned. Descriptive statistics such as Tables, Frequency distributions, and percentages were used to analyze the data generated. The respondents indicate that sources of internally generated revenue in the study area ranges from Market, Animal sales, land, Slaughter slaps, property and income taxes respectively. Slaughter slap tax account for about 26.7% of the internally generated revenue in this area, while market sales tax and animal taxes account for about 16.7% respectively. To improve revenue generation in the study area, the respondents (56.7%) indicates that they normally employed the use of law enforcement agents to assist in revenue generation and this had yield some measures of improvement in the amount of revenue generated from 2005 to 2009. Although, there has been an increased in the amount of targeted internally generated revenue from 2005 to 2009, the respondents indicated that majority of the taxpayers do not comply in prompt payment of taxes (40%). Some of the factors responsible for inefficiency of revenue generation in the study area as indicated by the respondents includes inadequate public enlightenment (33.3%), while others (23.3%) are in the opinion that inadequate incentives is also a contributory factor. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: Regular training of the revenue officers should be introduce and maintain, regular public enlightenment on the benefits of tax payment should be introduce either through the media or workshop and also through the use of posters, and the incentives given to revenue officers should be enhance and the best revenue officers of the year should be rewarded.
Land use management has been observed to affect labile, stable and humified soil organic matter fractions, but the magnitude of these changes has not been established in the Southern Guinea savanna of Adamawa State, northeastern Nigeria. The study investigated effects of five land use management systems (undisturbed natural forest, crop land, grazing reserve, forest plantation and fallow land) on the status of humic substances and mineral-associated soil organic carbon. Three transects that are 100 m apart were cut in each of the study site and four sampling plots of 20 m × 20 m in dimension were laid in alternate positions along each transect at 50 m interval. Soil core samples were collected diagonally at a depth of 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm and at three points in each plot using a 3cm diameter soil auger. These results showed that both mineral-associated and humified organic matter are better protected under natural forest, plantation and grazing reserve and consequently less vulnerable to mineralization. The study revealed that seven years fallow contribution to soil organic carbon was minimal. This might be attributed to several factors such as livestock grazing, incidence of annual bush burning and cutting of vegetation for fuel wood. The relationship between stable soil organic carbon and various soil nutrients indicates that positive correlation exists. This shows that availability of humic, fulvic acid, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable calcium, total phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and total nitrogen depend to some extent on the status of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. The content of humic was significantly influenced by land use and soil depth. Highest humic acid content (17.42 g/kg) was recorded under plantation in the soil surface layer (0-15 cm), followed by natural forest (15.16 g/kg), grazing reserve (14.16 g/kg), and fallow land (12.31 g/kg). The fulvic acid content also followed the same pattern as obtained for humic acid. The highest %mineral associated soil organic carbon was recorded for plantation and natural forest at the surface layer (0-15 cm) (1.19 and 1.15 respectively), followed by the grazing reserve (1.12). The crop land and the fallow land recorded 0.95 and 0.87 respectively. There exist differences across land use types in their potentials of storing total, particulate, mineral-associated organic carbon and humic substances in the Southern Guinea Savanna soils of Adamawa State, Nigeria. From the results it was noted that, natural forest, plantation and grazing reserve had potentials for storing organic carbon of appreciable concentration. This result provides valuable information for implementing tillage practices (such as zero tillage) that can favour carbon sequestration and improve soil quality.
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