Porous metal electrodes incorporating Raney catalysts are prepared by powder techniques from transition metals of the first and eighth groups. Half‐cell and fuel cell measurements are taken in various aqueous electrolytes at temperatures from 20° to 100 °C. At 80 °C in either
5NKOH
or
5N H2SO4
electrolyte, both hydrogen and methanol yield current densities beyond 300 ma/cm2. In
5N K2CO3
electrolyte, there are limiting current densities of the order of 10 ma/cm2. Neither hexane nor methylcyclohexane display appreciable electrochemical oxidation under the conditions of this report. The methanol reaction appears to approach complete oxidation; this conclusion applies in both acid (
CO2
‐formation) and alkaline (carbonate formation) electrolyte as well as for both half‐cell and fuel cell operation.
A variable-temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2613 (2001 10.1063/1.1372165 Design and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum system for metallic multilayers By use of an ultracentrifuge, the force of adhesion between small gold spheres (2~8 !L in diameter) and the following types of substrates has been measured: (III) cleavage planes of silicon single crystals with or without a chemisorbed oxygen monolayer and, alternatively, cleavage planes covered with oxide layers 40 and 130 A thick. Further, instead of the silicon, gold substrates prepared in three different ways were used. The experiments were carried out at room temperature under ultrahigh vacuum (uhv) conditions. The experimentally determined forces are compared with the results of the theory of van der Waals interaction between extended solid bodies.
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