Adhesion of gold particles to silicon and gold substrates in ultrahigh vacuum

Abstract

A variable-temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2613 (2001 10.1063/1.1372165 Design and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum system for metallic multilayers By use of an ultracentrifuge, the force of adhesion between small gold spheres (2~8 !L in diameter) and the following types of substrates has been measured: (III) cleavage planes of silicon single crystals with or without a chemisorbed oxygen monolayer and, alternatively, cleavage planes covered with oxide layers 40 and 130 A thick. Further, instead of the silicon, gold substrates prepared in three different ways were used. The experiments were carried out at room temperature under ultrahigh vacuum (uhv) conditions. The experimentally determined forces are compared with the results of the theory of van der Waals interaction between extended solid bodies.

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

“…The adhesion between Au and Si or SiO 2 is known to be rather poor [18–20]. Böhme et al [21] demonstrated that the oxygen layer forming on the silicon substrates affects the adhesion between Au particles and silicon substrates. Furthermore, Langbein et al stated that the vdW attraction between two surfaces is only affected by their outer layers, if the separation of the surfaces is lower or in the same range as the thickness of the outer layer [22].…”

Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Static Plowing Lithography Using CaCO3 Nanoparticle Resist Layers as a Substrate-Flexible Selective Metal Deposition Resist

“…In rare cases where some residual particles remained after these two steps, a brief sonication in basic 10% EDTA was also used to ensure surfaces were free from NPs. Generally, gold shows stronger adhesion to mica substrates, while glass and silica surfaces often require an adhesion layer of Cr or Ti to bridge the mismatch between the surface energies of Au and SiO 2 . In this work, we have not used an adhesion layer on any of the substrates and the resulting metallic microfeatures withstood short sonication times.…”

“…Generally, gold shows stronger adhesion to mica substrates, while glass and silica surfaces often require an adhesion layer of Cr or Ti to bridge the mismatch between the surface energies of Au and SiO 2 . 84 In this work, we have not used an adhesion layer on any of the substrates and the resulting metallic microfeatures withstood short sonication times. This indicates that the gold patterns adhere reasonably well on substrates tested.…”

Influence of a longitudinal magnetic field on nonreciprocal effects in a ring laser

“…First, a Si/SiO 2 substrate (375 μm thick) is prepared with lithographically defined Cr(5 nm)/Au(55 nm) contact pads via direct current sputtering. The chromium is employed as an adhesion layer, since the direct growth of gold on Si/SiO 2 shows poor adhesion [54]. Subsequently the sample is spin-coated with a thick methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) double resist layer which is required to produce a shadow-mask.…”