Summary Twenty‐six cases of “benign epilepsy of childhood” with Rolandic spikes, thoroughly studied clinically and electroencephalographically, were compared with 26 patients with petit mal or petit mal and grand mal seizures. Absences could be detected in a fair number of children with “benign epilepsy.” Rolandic spikes and MU rhythms were found almost exclusively in patients having convulsions, whether focal or generalized. Rolandic spikes associated with MU rhythms and bilaterally synchronous or asynchronous discharges of spikes or of spike‐and‐slow‐waves seem, therefore, to be the features of an epilepsy whose clinical manifestations (absences or convulsions) may depend on the psycho‐biophysiological background. RÉsumé 26 cas d' “Epilepsie bénigne de L'enfance avec pointes Rolandiques” ont étéétudiés du point de vue clinique et électroencéphalographique, ils sont compareés à 26 observations de patients présentant des crises petit mal, ou petit mal et grand mal associées. Les absences petit mal électrocliniques sont fréquentes chez les sujets porteurs d'une épilepsie bénigne de L'enfance. Les pointes Rolandiques et les rythmes MÛ sont exclusivement enregistrés chez les patients présentant des crises convulsives focales ou et généralisées. L'association pointes Rolandiques, rythme MÛ, décharges bilatérales de pointes ou de pointes ondes, synchrones ou asynchrones, semble caractéristique des épilepsies bénignes dont la forme convulsive ou nonconvulsive dépend des conditions psycho‐biophysiologiques actuelles. ZUSAMMEnfassung 26 vollständig klinisch und elektroencephalographisch untersuchte Fälle von kindlicher benigner Epilepsie mit Rolandischen spikes, wurden mit 26 Kindern mit Petit‐Mai oder Petit‐Mal und Grand‐Mal verglichen. In einer beträchtlichen Anzahl von Kindern mit benigner Epilepsie konnten Absencen beobachtet werden. Rolandische spikes und MU‐Rhythmen wurden fast ausschliesslich bei Patienten mit fokalen oder generalisierten Anfällen gefunden. Das gemeinsame Auftreten von Rolandischen spikes, MU‐Rhythmen und bilateral synchronen oder asynchronen Entladungen von spikes oder spike‐slow‐waves scheinen somit Zeichen einer Epilepsie zu sein, deren klinische Manifestation (Absencen oder Krampfanfälle) vom psycho‐biophysiologischem Hintergrund abhängen. RESUMEN Se han comparado 26 casos de “epilepsyía benigna del niño con puntas Rolándicas,” concienzudamente estudiados clínica y electroencefalográficamente con 26 enfermos que padecían episodios de petit‐mal o ataques de gran mal asociados a petit‐mal. Se recogieron ausencias en un considerable número de niños con “epilepsyía benigna.” Puntas Rolándicas y ritmos MU se encontraron exclusivamente con convulsiones, ya fueran focales o generalizadas. La asociación de puntas Rolándicas, ritmos MU y descargas bilaterales síncronas o asíncronas, de puntas o punta‐onda lenta parece ser un hallazgo de las epilepsyías cuyas manifestaciones clínicas (ausencias o convulsiones) pueden depender de un fondo psico‐biofisiológico.
In a survey of 29 hydrocephalic children treated by ventriculoatrial shunt (Holter valve) with a follow-up of 4 years, EEG records before the operation and at least once a year thereafter, the authors can support the view that an epileptogenic focus has developed around the place of insertion of the ventricular catheter in 19 cases, leading to epileptic seizures in 17 up to now. Thus the incidence of convulsions in this particular group of patients is 0.59 (17/29), the limits of confidence 95% being 0.39–0.76. The irritative abnormalities occur usually during the second year after the operation and the delay for the onset of clinical seizures is variable. The age at operation seems to influence the occurrence of the epileptogenic scar. The type of hydrocephalus and especially the presence of an associated cerebral focal lesion can be of importance in the development of clinical seizures.
The topographic maps of 50 patients suffering from migraine with or without aura were compared to the brain maps of 20 normal controls and 20 patients with tension-type headaches. Only the migraine group showed a significant decrement of alpha rhythm power, during rest with eyes closed, at the posterior areas of the brain, and a significant increment of alpha power at the same regions during IPS at 20 c/sec.
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