BackgroundArctic climate change is already having a significant impact on the environment, economic activity, and public health. For the northern peoples, traditions and cultural identity are closely related to the natural environment so any change will have consequences for society in several ways.MethodsA questionnaire was given to the population on the Vaigach island, the Nenets who rely to a large degree on hunting, fishing and reindeer herding for survival. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted about perception of climate change.ResultsClimate change is observed and has already had an impact on daily life according to more than 50% of the respondents. The winter season is now colder and longer and the summer season colder and shorter. A decrease in standard of living was noticeable but few were planning to leave.ConclusionClimate change has been noticed in the region and it has a negative impact on the standard of living for the Nenets. However, as of yet they do not want to leave as cultural identity is important for their overall well-being.
ЭКОНОМИКА ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ Аннотация. Подходы, применяемые к рассмотрению функции особо охраняемых природных территорий (ООПТ) в развитии общества направлены на определение размера территории, изъятой из хозяйственного оборота для природоохранных целей, и оценку приносимых этими территориями денежных доходов. Вместе с тем влияние ООПТ на общественную жизнь не ограничивается лишь «монетизацией» территории. Население, проживающее вблизи природоохранной территории и испытывающее преимущества (недостатки) такого соседства, должно быть в фокусе исследования социальной роли ООПТ. В Архангельской области и Республике Карелия выявление социальной роли ООПТ в жизни местных сообществ проводилось путем изучения общественного мнения методом опроса. Всего в опросе приняло участие 575 человек. Исследования проводились в поселениях, расположенных в границах национальных парков Кенозерский и Водлозерский, вблизи заказника Шиловский. При измерении влияния природоохранных территорий на социум сопредельных поселений выделены аксиологическая, эмоционально-психологическая, деятельностно-регламентирующая, экономическая, прогностическая и комплексная составляющие. Результаты исследований показывают, что населением признается природоохранная ценность ООПТ; многие жители сопредельных территорий не испытывают неудобств в связи с
The article considers the influence of open-pit mining of diamonds on the state of Arctic ecosystems outside of the zone of the direct impact of the enterprise. To assess changes in natural complexes, a retrospective analysis was carried out on the basis of the data from social surveys of the local population using adapted methodological approaches and comparing descriptions of the biodiversity of aquatic macrophytes made in 1969-1970 and 2018. The comprehensive studies of peat soils and the laboratory modeling of the flow of the saponite into the watercourse were carried out, in order to understand the possible ways of the impact of diamond mining on natural complexes. The shallowing of the river, the change in the nature of soils in the lower reaches of the river, the crowding out a number of native species of aquatic plants by invasive macrophytes were educed. It is shown that saponite interacts with components of bog ecosystems, changes its physicochemical properties and forms intermolecular associates with dissolved organic matter. This contributes to the transport of mineral particles over long distances, to its accumulation in bottom sediments, and to the prolonged desorption, which creates favorable conditions for the introduction of invasive species.
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