The study of the transformation of retail chain stores (RCS) due to the impact of digitalization on them is a new problem. The main part of modern scientific research is devoted to separate directions of digitalization and does not consider conceptual aspects of these processes. The purpose of this article is to fill the existing research gap through the development of a new system concept of the digitalization impact on RCS transformations. The study shows the need to clarify the understanding of RCS strategic transformation caused by the drivers of different digitalization processes, which are not well understood today and are not taken into account when developing digitalization strategies. This situation has an extremely negative effect on the quality of RCS development and its competitiveness. The article consistently examines insufficiently covered problems in scientific literature and offers a new conceptual approach to the impact of digitalization on companies with regard to RCS transformation. New digitalization trends and their drivers have a deep impact on RCS transformations. A new system model is needed that integrates superdrivers and the impact of digitalization on the RCS transformation. Causal and heuristic forecasts of prospects, trends and results of digitalization, including contradictory results of AI development are included. We used materials from large retail chains “Magnit”, “Perekrestok” and “M.Video-Eldorado Group”. The research methods used were system modelling, cause and effect links building and heuristic forecasting based on logical models. The main results will be useful for researchers, managers, entrepreneurs and students in developing a clear understanding of digitalization development and its impacts, in order to better work out digitalization strategies and for the development of new directions of scientific research.
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BackgroundSecretory EX various biological fluids, including synovial, – key mediators of intercellular communication, regulating the body’s immune responses, information transfer, vesicular transport, etc. Penetrating into cells, EX can cause a cascade of changes in them at the genomic and epigenomic levels.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the degree of expression of exosomal membrane proteins and endonucleases from SF in RA.MethodsSF of knee joints of 10 patients with RA with active synovitis and 7 conditional donors postmortem (D) were researched. EX was isolated by ultrafiltration and double ultracentrifugation (105 g).EX was identified by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The expression level of tetraspanins (CD9, СD81) and chaperones (Hsp70, Hsp90) was determined (conv. units) by flow cytofluorimetry and by immunoblotting, respectively. The activity of endonucleases of EX (units/ml) was carried out spectrophotometrically.ResultsIn RA, there is a pronounced expression of transmembrane markers of exosomes: tetraspanins СD9 and СD81 (on the surface of exosomes) and chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 (obligate internal components). The levels of major tetraspanins CD9 and Hsp70 were significantly increased (by 3.2 and 2.2 times, respectively). Functional groups of proteins such as acidic and alkaline endonucleases show multidirectional changes in EX with RA: a sharp increase in the activity of acidic DNA-as and RNA-as (by 55-30 times) and a 2-3-fold decrease in the activity of alkaline analogues (Table 1). It is obvious that the shift of the pH of SF at RA (on average, from 7.75 units in normal to 7.21 – at RA) noted by many authors, affects the implementation of exosomal secretion of proteins and nucleic acids, which disrupts the immunomodulatory intercellular signaling.Table 1.The level of some endonucleases, tetraspanins and chaperones in normal (D) and in RA SFЕXDNA-ase (acid)DNA-ase (alk.)RNA-ase (acid)RNA-ase (alk.)CD9CD81Hsp70Hsp90D0,08± 0,010,45±0,030,18 ±0,040,89±0,21935±97697±689,8±2,36,4±1,5RA4,4± 0,7***0,17± 0,02*5,4 ±0,3***0,47 ±0,08*2987 ± 237**893±76*21,3± 3,7**8,9±2,3** - p <0.05; ** - p <0.01; *** - p <0.001ConclusionEX-secretion of proteins and nucleic acids in RA can be not only a fundamental way of intercellular communication, but also an immunomodulatory factor of etiopathogenetic significance. EX obtained from SF have potential prognostic value in the study of immunocomplex pathologies.Reference[1] Shishkin V.I. et al. DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1258 P1368Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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