East Indian Sandalwood Oil (EISO) has diverse beneficial effects and has been used for thousands of years in traditional folk-medicine for treatment of different human ailments.
α-
and β-Santalol (santalol isomers) are the most abundant
sesquiterpenoids found in sandalwood, contributing to its pleasant
fragrance and wide-spectrum bioactivity. This study aimed at identifying
the antiaging and antiaggregation mechanism of α- and β-santalol
using the genetic tractability of an
in vivo
model
Caenorhabditis elegans
. The results showed that santalol
isomers retard aging, improved health span, and inhibited the aggregation
of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ
1–42
) and polyglutamine
repeats (Q35, Q40, and HtnQ150) in
C. elegans
models for Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease, respectively.
The genetic study, reporter gene expression, RNA-based reverse genetic
approach (RNA interferences/RNAi), and gene expression analysis revealed
that santalol isomers selectively regulate SKN-1/Nrf2 and EOR-1/PLZF
transcription factors through the RTK/Ras/MAPK-dependent signaling
axis that could trigger the expression of several antioxidants and
protein aggregation inhibitory genes,
viz
.,
gst-
4,
gcs-
1,
gst-
10,
gsr-
1,
hsp-
4, and
skr-
5, which extend longevity and help minimize age-induced protein oxidation
and aggregation. We believe that these findings will further promote
α- and β-santalol to become next-generation prolongevity
and antiaggregation molecules for longer and healthier life.
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