Uso de lactonas macrocíclicas para el control de la garrapataRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en el ganado bovino
SUMMARYAn overview of the macrocyclic lactones (ML), with recent results and their effect on the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is presented in this paper. This review describes in detail the chemistry, pharmacokinetics and dose presentation, security and time withdrawal and environmental safety of the groups belonging to ML: avermectins (ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, abamectin) and milbemycin (moxidectin). There is also a discussion on their efficacy and the problem of resistance of R. (B.) microplus to ML. Finally, it is concluded that due to their high lipid solubility ML are widely distributed in tissues, being effective in the control of R. (B.) microplus in cattle. The efficacy of short-acting ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, abamectin and moxidectin are similar (> 90% effective after four weeks post treatment, PT) to control adult stages of R. (B.) microplus, however, in long-acting LM are available the market and present efficiency of > 95% with persistence up to 70 days PT.Palabras clave: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, lactonas macrocíclicas, control, bovinos.
The commercial flocks in Yucatan, Mexico are free of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in its velogenic viscerotropic form, but little is known about the disease status of backyard poultry. A seroprevalence survey in 30 villages using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and NDV antibodies was carried out from December 1997 to June 1998. The seroprevalences were 56.5% (95% CI 50-63%) for IBV and 2.2% (95% CI 0.5-3.8%) for NDV. All the villages had chickens that were positive for antibodies to IBV and nine of the villages had chickens that were positive for antibodies to NDV. This suggests that IBV may be responsible for a large proportion of the respiratory disease observed in backyard chickens in Yucatan. The implications of these findings are discussed, including the highly susceptible status of the backyard chickens in Yucatan to NDV and the possibility of this virus being one cause of the syndrome known as mortandad by the local people.
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