An almost complete dehulling (hull residue lower than 3%) of sunflower seeds, before oil extraction, reduces to a minimum both the transfer of pigments from hulls to the flour and the content of fiber in the finished product. In this paper some results of our work on the dehulling of high-oil seeds with an air-jet impact huller are presented. The effectiveness of dehulling has been evaluated as a function of characteristics of the seed (variety, moisture and so forth) and of operative parameters (impact velocity, etc.). The optical analysis of the impact of the seeds on the target was made by means of high-speed cinematography (about 8000 frames/see) to have a better view of the phenomenon and to measure the parameters of energy involved. The use of proper seed monentum, which is a function of the characteristic of the seed, can allow selective hull breaking with minimum kernel breakage. Almost complete hull-free kernels from high-oil sunflower seeds were obtained by means of a continuous dehuller-separator pilot plant.
Removal of gossypol from cottonseed meal and fermentable sugars from soybean meal by butanol-HCl solution was tested. Acidic butanol treatment yields low gossypol cottonseed protein concentrates and low oligosaccharides soy protein concentrates, respectively. This procedure does not appreciably alter proteins, as it is shown by the comparison of electrophoretic patterns of albumins and globulins extracted from meal and corresponding protein concentrates.
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