Agronomic production practices associated with high-yielding soybean (Glycine max) in North Carolina can be used to inform production recommendations across the Southeast USA. 877 individual entries submitted from 2002 to 2019 into the North Carolina Soybean Yield Contest (SYC) were analyzed with the objectives to describe the production practices associated with high-yielding soybeans in North Carolina and to identify management strategies for increasing soybean yield in the Southeast USA region. From 2002 to 2019, SYC entries averaged 4,379 kg ha -1 . The three most important management practices influencing soybean yield were maturity group (MG), foliar fungicide use, and planting date.Using a MG 4 or earlier variety provided a 1,199 kg ha -1 yield advantage across all entries.When MG≤4 was used, foliar fungicide use provided a 754 kg ha -1 yield protection and when MG>4 was used fungicide use provided a 640 kg ha -1 yield protection. Planting dates earlier than May 12 generally provided more yield benefit when earlier maturing varieties were used. Herbicide and insecticide use, irrigation, fungicidal and inoculant seed treatments, tillage, and row spacing were less important predictors of soybean yield. Soybean producers can implement several of these identified management strategies without additional economic investment in an effort to increase soybean yield and profitability in the Southeast USA region.
Core Ideas Composite risk management is important to peanut growers. Management strategies for pests need to be harmonized for peanut. Computer decision support systems can facilitate planning for pest management in peanut. A web‐based decision support system was created to assist peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) growers in Virginia and North Carolina with pre‐season risk assessment and pest management decision‐making. The decision support system was created to help growers and their advisers assess the potential impact of competing and/or supportive management strategies on multiple pest species. Individual risk indices were created for five diseases, two arthropods, and three nematodes based on results of published research studies, as well as many years of research and extension experience. The decision support system also includes categories associated with overall risk for the 10 pests and total cost of overall management.
Suppressing pest populations below economically-damaging levels is an important element of sustainable peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Peanut farmers and their advisors often approach pest management with similar goals regardless of where they are located. Anticipating pest outbreaks using field history and monitoring pest populations are fundamental to protecting yield and financial investment. Microsoft Excel was used to develop individual risk indices for pests, a composite assessment of risk, and costs of risk mitigation practices for peanut in Argentina, Ghana, India, Malawi, and North Carolina (NC) in the United States (US). Depending on pests and resources available to manage pests, risk tools vary considerably, especially in the context of other crops that are grown in sequence with peanut, cultivars, and chemical inputs. In Argentina, India, and the US where more tools (e.g., mechanization and pesticides) are available, risk indices for a wide array of economically important pests were developed with the assumption that reducing risk to those pests likely will impact peanut yield in a positive manner. In Ghana and Malawi where fewer management tools are available, risks to yield and aflatoxin contamination are presented without risk indices for individual pests. The Microsoft Excel platform can be updated as new and additional information on effectiveness of management practices becomes apparent. Tools can be developed using this platform that are appropriate for their geography, environment, cropping systems, and pest complexes and management inputs that are available. In this article we present examples for the risk tool for each country.
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