Production practices that maximize soybean yield: What we have learned from the North Carolina soybean yield contest

Vann, Rachel; Drake-Stowe, Katherine; Buol, G.S.; Dunphy, E. Jim

doi:10.1002/agj2.20728

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In 2020, the highest North Carolina Soybean Yield Contest entries for nonirrigated and irrigated categories were 6,873.0 and 6,624.2 kg ha −1 , respectively (Vann, 2021). A recent analysis of 877 entries into the North Carolina Soybean Yield Contest indicated that planting date (PD) and maturity group (MG) were the strongest predictors of high soybean yield in the state, with MG ≤4 providing a yield advantage over later maturing cultivars, whereas PDs earlier than mid-May often lead to yield advantages (Vann et al, 2021). Although there has been some soybean research on optimal PD in the U.S. Southeast, there is a lack of fundamental understanding regarding the optimal MG and seeding rate (SR) to use across diverse soybean PDs in this region.…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximizing soybean yield by understanding planting date, maturity group, and seeding rate interactions in North Carolina

et al. 2021

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Growers across theU.S. Southeast use a diversity of soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.] planting dates, maturity groups, and seeding rates for soybean production depending on their rotational complexity. Studies were conducted across seven North Carolina environments in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effect of planting date (mid-March through mid-July), maturity group (MG 2-8), and seeding rate (185,434 seeds ha -1 ) on soybean emergence, stand, and yield. Across environments, soybean typically emerged more quickly with later planting dates; however, there were location-specific variations in soybean emergence due to weather conditions around the time of planting. The longest and shortest emergence periods were 26 d for soybean planted in mid-March and 4 d for soybean planted in June and July, respectively. In the higher yielding environments, yield was maximized with MG 3-4 cultivars planted at early April planting dates and yield declined as planting was delayed. In the low yield environments, yield was maximized with late April to mid-May planting dates, typically with MG 5-7 cultivars. There was a penalty in both yield environments to planting past mid-May and in the low yield environments for planting before mid-April. Across environments, yields tended to be more similar among cultivars higher than MG 3 at planting dates in June and July. The effect of seeding rate on soybean yield was variable across planting dates, maturity groups, and yield environments. Future research is needed in North Carolina to validate the planting date and maturity group interactions on yield observed in this experiment to capture more variation in weather conditions.

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Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…by Mourtzinis and Conley (2017) reveals that MGs 5 and 6 are best adapted for North Carolina. However, North Carolina growers are achieving high yields with MGs outside of this range (Vann et al, 2021).…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing soybean yield by understanding planting date, maturity group, and seeding rate interactions in North Carolina

et al. 2021

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“…The grain yield increase in this region can be achieved with cultural practices such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides, while other improved management practices include sowing date and cultivar selection. The latter two are considered particularly critical for yield in the region (Mourtzinis et al., 2019; Vann et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of soybean yield variability in the southeastern U.S. with the calibration of genetic coefficients from variety trials using CROPGRO‐Soybean

et al. 2022

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Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is a major crop cultivated in the United States, and it is well adapted to different latitudes and weather conditions. However, grain yield variability of rainfed soybean across early and late sowing dates and among maturity groups (MGs) has not been well evaluated in the southeastern United States. This study uses crop variety trials and soil reports to calibrate the CROPGRO-Soybean model and then assesses yield variability for different sowing dates and MGs across sites within the southeastern United States. After model calibration and evaluation, soybean yield was simulated across 36 yr at eight sites for 16 sowing dates and three cultivars from MGs V, VI, and VII. The results show that the model accurately simulated soybean yield for MGs across different soil types, where the root mean square error (RMSE) across cultivars ranged from 423 to 589 kg ha −1 and across sites ranged from 219 to 684 kg ha −1 . This facilitated the assessment of sowing date effects on yield variability, where simulations showed high yields for sowing dates from April to May, but with higher variability for April sowing dates and low grain yield for sowing dates in July. Our approach successfully illustrates the use of soil reports and crop variety trials to assess the best sowing dates and MGs for soybean production in this region.Abbreviations: DSSAT, Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer; DUL, drained upper limit; EMFL, photothermal days between plant emergence and flower appearance; FLSD, photothermal days between first flower and first seed; FLSH, photothermal days between first flower and first pod; IQR, inter-quartile range; LFMAX, maximum leaf photosynthetic rate; MG, maturity group; PODUR, time required to reach final pod load under optimal conditions; SAT, saturated water-holding limit; SDPDV, average seeds per pod under standard growing conditions; SDPM, photothermal days between first seed and physiological maturity; SFDUR, seed filling duration for a pod cohort at standard growth conditions; SLPF, soil fertility factor; WSS, Web Soil Survey; WTPSD, weight per seed.

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“…is an important legume crop in North Carolina and is the largest crop by area in the state with 635,356 ha planted in 2020 (USDA‐NASS, 2020). Historically, soybeans in maturity groups (MGs) 5–7 have been produced in North Carolina and have been planted from mid‐May through early July (Vann et al., 2021). However, growers have been considering planting soybeans earlier and using earlier‐maturing varieties for the associated yield benefits due to a decline in wheat acres (Salmeron et al., 2016; USDA‐NASS, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent analysis of 877 entries into the North Carolina Soybean Yield Contest indicated that PD and MG were the largest predictors of high soybean yield in the state, with MG ≤4 providing a yield advantage over later‐maturing varieties and PDs earlier than mid‐May often leading to yield advantages over later PDs (Vann et al., 2021). Although there has been extensive soybean research in the southeastern United States, there is a lack of knowledge about how PDs earlier than mid‐May and earlier MGs (≤4) affect soybean seed quality in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planting date and maturity group impact on soybean seed quality in the southeastern United States

et al. 2021

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The impacts on soybean seed quality from shifting to using earlier soybean planting dates (PDs) and earlier-maturing varieties in the southeastern United States are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of diverse PDs and maturity groups (MGs) on soybean protein content, oil content, seed damage, and purple seed stain. Studies were installed across seven North Carolina locations in 2019 and 2020 to determine the impact of PD (mid-March through mid-July) and MG (2-7) on seed quality. Protein content declined as planting was delayed for the early MGs (2-5) but was stable across PD for the later MGs (6-7). It was observed that early-maturing varieties (MG ≤5) had a lower protein content than the latermaturing varieties (MGs 6-7). The oil content was greater in the early MGs (MGs 2-4) compared with the later MGs (MGs 5-7), with oil content and protein content having an inverse relationship. Seed damage was greatest when planting before late April with early MGs (MGs 2-4). Less purple seed stain was found in MGs 5-7 compared with the earlier MGs across all PDs. Further research is needed to understand how to minimize seed damage and purple seed stain as producers consider shifting to an earlier production system for the associated yield benefits in North Carolina and across the southeastern United States.

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Production practices that maximize soybean yield: What we have learned from the North Carolina soybean yield contest

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Maximizing soybean yield by understanding planting date, maturity group, and seeding rate interactions in North Carolina

Maximizing soybean yield by understanding planting date, maturity group, and seeding rate interactions in North Carolina

Assessment of soybean yield variability in the southeastern U.S. with the calibration of genetic coefficients from variety trials using CROPGRO‐Soybean

Planting date and maturity group impact on soybean seed quality in the southeastern United States

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