Background: Faciomaxillary injuries are increasing in frequency and severity due to road traffic accidents and violence among the people of the delta districts of Tamilnadu. Alcohol plays a major role both in road traffic accidents and assaults resulting in faciomaxillary injuries. Human bites play a significant role in the soft tissue injuries of the face resulting in loss of lobule of ear, nasal tip loss and partial loss of lower lip. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aetiology, incidence, patterns and treatment modalities of faciomaxillary injuries which include both soft tissue and bony injuries. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Thanjavur Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India between 2012-2015. About 850 patients in and around the delta districts of Tamilnadu admitted with various soft tissue and bony injuries of the faciomaxillary region were studied. Age, sex, time, mechanism and aetiology of injury, history of bleeding, unconsciousness and prior first aid, type of vehicle and use of preventive measures, type of fracture, associated injuries and treatment modalities were evaluated. Results: Faciomaxillary injuries were mostly due to road traffic accidents. Highest number of fractures was predominantly occurring in the age group of 21-30 years. Males incurred more fractures with a male to female ratio of 7.4:1.1. Fracture mandible was the most common followed by zygoma, nasal and naso ethmoid fractures. Pan facial fractures were more common among alcoholics. 28 patients had associated head injury and 14 patients had cervical spine injuries. Open reduction and internal fixation was the preferred modality for mandible whereas the mid face fractures were treated more often by closed methods. Soft tissue injuries involving ear, nose, lip and eyelids were more common. Conclusions: Drunken driving should be curbed in the society. Educating the people about road safety rules will bring down the faciomaxillary injuries. Motivating the public against violence will reduce human bites and soft tissue injuries of the face.

Background: Agriculture remains the most important occupation in India and upper limb injuries occur frequently in agricultural accidents. Agriculture related injuries are important causes of mortality and morbidity in all age groups. These injuries result in major physical and psychological impacts as well as economical burdens. Objectives of the study was to study the pattern and epidemiological basis of agricultural hand injuries, to analyse the prognosis and recovery pattern of agricultural hand injuries in terms of return to work following treatment and to suggest measures for prevention of agricultural hand injuries.Methods: The study was a descriptive study conducted in the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Thanjavur medical college from October 2012 to April 2017. About 220 patients admitted with agricultural upper limb injuries were evaluated. Data on age, sex, injury patterns, anatomical localizations, injury season, length of stay in the hospital, and infections were evaluated.Results: Agricultural upper limb injuries constituted about 11.25% of total upper extremity trauma. Males were more commonly affected than females. Majority of the patients were in the age group 21-50. Most of the patients were right handed individuals. Hand injuries were more common (73%).Conclusions: We can reduce agricultural upper limb injuries by shielding the rotating components of farming machinery that cause injuries, informing and educating farming families, forbidding the entrance of children to areas with agricultural machines, providing information about agricultural accidents and their prevention methods, and adjusting the working hours of farming personnel, especially in the hottest months of the year.

Background: Substantial number of people suffers from burn injuries every year in India that make the patients endure disease, surgeries and years of rehabilitation. The higher mortality and prolonged morbidity results in heavy social, economic and clinical burden to the nation. The objective was to study and analyse the socio-demographic profile of burn patients in addition to evaluate the causes, manner and clinical course of burn patients along with its outcome.Methods: This was a registry based retrospective study on 114 burns patients, admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India from January 2018 to June 2018. Data were collected and assimilated comprehensively.Results: The age group of patients ranged from 13-70 years, the mean age being 29 years. The overall male, female to transgender ratio was 0.57:1:0.01. Most of the patients were married (66.66%). The TBSA involvement in burns ranged from 10% to 100% and the mean TBSA was found to be 11.4±2.95. A higher TBSA involvement is associated with an increased risk of mortality and this association between TBSA and mortality was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Mortality ratio in this study was 51.75% and septic shock (58%) was the most common cause of death followed by hypovolemic shock (42%).Conclusions: Burns are one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality, provided the prevention strategies address the hazards of specific burn injuries, awareness education for vulnerable population and targeted first aid training.

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