A study was carried out from February 2013 to January 2015 in 1650, buffaloes of organized and unorganized farms of Durg, Rajnandgaon, Raipur and Bilaspur districts of Chhattisgrah State in India, to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected to detect subclinical mastitis in individual animal based on milk somatic cell count (SCC) and MCMT. The overall prevalence of buffalo subclinical mastitis accounted for 41.51% (685/1650). Prevalence of SCC was evaluated on the basis of geographical distribution, parity, age and stage of lactation, pattern of milking etc. More cases of SCC were observed in unorganized farms with Prevalence ranges from38.41% to 44.93% in Durg and Rajnandgaon, respectively. Buffaloes of 9-11 year suffered more that is 57.51% as compared to younger with early lactation (52.78%). More number of cases was observed in rainy season and least in dry climate. Prevalence % of MCMT score + was observed more with SCC range from 2.12-2.85×10 5 cells/ml of milk.

Background: Allergic disorders are not usually life-threatening conditions but they impair the person's ability to function. It thus adversely affects the psychological wellbeing and quality of life. These implications of allergic disorders can be minimized if strategies are planned for its early identification followed by appropriate interventions. Objectives: To find out the prevalence and risk factors of allergic disorders. Methods: Data was collected by house to house survey among participants aged 18 years and above using a standardized allergy assessment questionnaire. Results: Mean age of the 400 participants was 42.8±14.7 years. Majority 105(26.2%) were in the age group 36 to 45 years. Majority were females 287(71.7%) and were house wives 217(54.2%). Majority of participants were of upper socio economic class 98(44.7%) out of 219 and majority were from urban areas 326(81.5%). The prevalence of allergy among participants was found to be 115(28.7%). Out of these 115, 37(32.2%) had possibility of allergy, 60(52.2%) had probability of allergy and the rest 18(15.6%) had very high likelihood for allergy. People residing in semi urban areas had increased risk of allergy (p=0.024) than those from urban areas. The prevalence of asthma was 30(7.5%) and skin allergy was 23(5.8%). Most common precipitating factors for allergy were dust exposure 103(25.8%) followed by seasonal changes 71(17.8%). Family history of allergy was associated with allergy among participants (p<0.001). Usage of firewood was associated with symptoms of respiratory allergy among participants (p=0.01).

Background: Agriculture remains the most important occupation in India and upper limb injuries occur frequently in agricultural accidents. Agriculture related injuries are important causes of mortality and morbidity in all age groups. These injuries result in major physical and psychological impacts as well as economical burdens. Objectives of the study was to study the pattern and epidemiological basis of agricultural hand injuries, to analyse the prognosis and recovery pattern of agricultural hand injuries in terms of return to work following treatment and to suggest measures for prevention of agricultural hand injuries.Methods: The study was a descriptive study conducted in the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Thanjavur medical college from October 2012 to April 2017. About 220 patients admitted with agricultural upper limb injuries were evaluated. Data on age, sex, injury patterns, anatomical localizations, injury season, length of stay in the hospital, and infections were evaluated.Results: Agricultural upper limb injuries constituted about 11.25% of total upper extremity trauma. Males were more commonly affected than females. Majority of the patients were in the age group 21-50. Most of the patients were right handed individuals. Hand injuries were more common (73%).Conclusions: We can reduce agricultural upper limb injuries by shielding the rotating components of farming machinery that cause injuries, informing and educating farming families, forbidding the entrance of children to areas with agricultural machines, providing information about agricultural accidents and their prevention methods, and adjusting the working hours of farming personnel, especially in the hottest months of the year.