Crafting ecological materials from green resources is posing a significant challenge for the researchers and scientists around the globe and has resulted in the development of nanocellulose materials, which has paved the way for enriching the basic knowledge and many opportunities on developing biobased materials. This has augmented the utilization of carbohydrate-based organic materials and successfully replacing conventional nonrenewable materials. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) belonging to the newer emerging field of nanomaterials are finding increasing interest among the investigators owing to their environmentally sustainable characteristics like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and potential availability in abundance at a cheaper price. The present review article intends to provide a detailed insight about the advancements and various challenges postured in the field of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The article further discusses about different cellulose fiber extraction sources and their methods, purification processes employed, various sample preparation and drying techniques used for CNCs and CNFs. The article also outlines the various characterization methods practiced for scrutinizing CNCs and CNFs when used in polymer matrix composites. Finally, the benefits of using the CNMs in several potential applications such as paper, oil and gas industries, food packaging and structural sectors, conductive ink and water purification areas, medical and printed electronic fields are highlighted in this extensively reviewed article.

This research paper portrays the enrichment of mechanical, wear and corrosion properties of the Aluminium 6061 matrix composite by incorporating hybrid reinforcements. Aluminium 6061 alloy is stir casted with different proportions of boron nitride (BN), Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and graphite particles. Tensile test reveals that the tensile strength and ductility for the Al 6061-30 BN -10Al 2 O 3 -5C is improved due to the presence of higher BN content along with 10% Al 2 O 3 . Significant improvement in microhardness (63HV), compressive strength (187 Pa) and impact strength (12 J) for the Al 6061-30 BN -10Al 2 O 3 -5C when compared with the bare Al 6061 alloy. The dispersion of BN with Al 2 O 3 improved the wear resistance for the Al 6061-30 BN -10 Al 2 O 3 -5 C composite, where as the unreinforced bare Al alloy has caused the major surface degradation resulting in poor wear property and the worn out surfaces are examined through the scanning electron microscope. The main wear mechanism is identified as adhesive wear. The corrosion test results clearly reveals that the corrosion resistance is higher for the Al 6061-30 BN -10Al 2 O 3 -5C (−0.526±0.004 V) with a lower current density of −0.983±0.004 μA cm −2 than the other composites and bare Al 6061.

The increase in the use of metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes in major industries like aerospace, defense, and electronics indicates the need for maintaining a tight quality control. A quick, low-cost, and reliable online surface texture measurement and verification system are required to improve its industrial adoption. In this paper, a comprehensive investigation of the surface characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V selective laser melted (SLM) parts using image texture parameters is discussed. The image texture parameters extracted from the surface images using first-order and second-order statistical methods, and measured 3D surface roughness parameters are used for characterizing the SLM surfaces. A comparative study of roughness prediction models developed using various machine learning approaches is also presented. Among the models, the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model gives an accurate prediction of roughness values with an R2 value of more than 0.9. The test data results of all models are presented.

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