The response of native plants to allelopathic interference of invasive species may differ from species to species. In this study, the phytotoxic effects of Ageratina adenophora were tested on two native shrubs (Osbeckia stellata and Elsholtzia blanda) of Nepal. Both the shrubs were grown in pots under treatments of A. adenophora fresh leaves and root leachates, and litter. Then, the seedling length and biomass were compared among the treatments. The results show that A. adenophora litter has stimulatory effects but the leachates from fresh leaves and root are phytotoxic to the growth and development of native shrubs. Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) analysis confirmed the presence of O–H (Hydroxyl), N–H (Amines), C≡C (Alkynes), and C–H stretching (Aromatic) or C–O–C stretching (Ethers) in the leachates representing harmful allelochemicals. The invaded soil by A. adenophora had low pH and a high amount of organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium than the uninvaded soil. The results indicate that the native O. stellata and E. blanda are harmed by A. adenophora in nature by leaching of allelochemicals and probably by reducing the soil pH. Overall, this study has provided valuable insights regarding the effects of A. adenophora invasion on native shrubs and revealing the potential mechanism of its invasiveness.
Triterpenic glycosides have been reported to have spermicidal potential, furthermore "CONSAP" cream, with these constituents as the active compounds, has reached clinical trial as a male contraceptive (1). Panax and other araliacious plants are rich sources of triterpenic glycosides. We recorded 100% immobilization of human spermatozoa by the ethanolic extract of the fresh leaves of Pentapanax leschenaultii (DC). Seem at the 2% level when assayed by the methods reported (2, 3). Since the plant has not been investigated, chemical analyses of the light petroleum-and n-butanol-soluble portions of the extract were carried out. The corn
The present study aims to explore and document the plant resources used by different communities of Suda and Daijee VDC of Kanchanpur district. A total of 151 plant species belonging to 58 families and 133 genera have been identified and documented. Most of them have medicinal properties in their bark, root, and fruits. A large number of these identified species are used for gastro-intestinal problems, rheumatism, chest infection, cut and wound and in fever. Elderly people and traditional healers of the areas have vast knowledge on ethanomedicinal practices along with various rituals in comparison to the young generation. The knowledge transformation system is quite restricted within family. Mostly exploited plant species like Piper longum, Emblica officinalis, Asparagus racemosus, Terminallia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Acorus calamus, Azadirchta indica, Cordia vestita, Rauvolfia serpentina, Acacia catechu, Cinnamomum tamala, Zinziber officinalis, and Pterocarpus marsupium are under threat of extinction due to growing human pressure as well as habitat degradation impacted by anthropogenic activities such as grazing, expansion of agriculture land, forest fire, etc.
Chromolaena odorata is one of the widely distributed invasive alien plants in the tropical to subtropical regions of Nepal. It has the ability to impact native species in its invaded range by multiple modes such as allelopathy including volatilization. This study aims to identify volatile chemical components in the essential oil of C. odorata. The leaf samples of C. odorata were collected from the Radha Krishna Community Forest, Chitwan district of Nepal. The essential oil from the leaves of C. odorata was extracted and the chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 19 chemical components from the oil were identified. The major components identified were linalool (21.64%); β-pinene (9.43%); 1,3-cycloheptadiene (8.92%); β-cubebene (7%); cinnamaldehyde (5.30%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.94%). O-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and isoeugenyl acetate were not listed by previous studies as the components in the essential oils of C. odorata. The components identified by this study have allelopathic effects on native plant species, anti-herbivory properties, and medicinal values. Therefore, this study could be important to understand plant invasiveness and utilization of the plant for the extraction of bioactive compounds may contribute to control and manage the plants in the invaded areas.
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