The research and development of biomedical imaging techniques requires more number of image data from medical image acquisition devices, like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission technology, and single photon emission computed tomography. Multimodal image fusion is the process of combining information from various images to get the maximum amount of content captured by a single image acquisition device at different angles and different times or stages. This article analyses and compares the performance of different existing image fusion techniques for the clinical images in the medical field. The fusion techniques compared are simple or pixel-based fusion, pyramid-based fusion, and transform-based fusion techniques. Four set of CT and MRI images are used for the above fusion techniques. The performance of the fused results is measured with seven parameters. The experimental results show that out of seven parameters the values of four parameters, such as average difference, mean difference, root mean square error, and standard deviation are minimum and the values of remaining three parameters, such as peak signal to noise ratio, entropy, and mutual information are maximum. From the experimental results, it is clear that out of 14 fusion techniques taken for survey, image fusion using dual tree complex wavelet transform gives better fusion result for the clinical CT and MRI images. Advantages and limitations of all the techniques are discussed with their experimental results and their relevance.

Miniaturization of planar antennas is the first intention in antenna design for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications in which the surface wave effects reduce the antenna efficiency, gain and limit the bandwidth of microstrip antennas. The ground plane effects are minimized using a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and multiple slots. A compact antenna size including both ground plane and radiator etched on the printed circuit board is 17 mm × 22 mm × 1.588 mm is proposed. Addition of an asymmetrical strip and cutting slots on the antenna provides an enhancement in operating bandwidth of 2.9 to 11.4 GHz for 10 dB return loss and the average radiation efficiency is 88.5% respectively. In particular, the impedance performance of the patch radiator is mainly due to the surface wave currents in the ground plane. The antenna results in an omnidirectional radiation pattern over the operating bandwidth with a gain of 2 dB and VSWR of 1 to 2.

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Image segmentation is one of the important and useful techniques in medical image processing. As the image segmentation technique results robust and high degree of accuracy, it is very much useful for the analysis of different image modalities, such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the medical field. CT imaging gives more importance than MRI because of its wider availability, inexpensive and sensitiveness. In most cases, CT offers information needed to make decisions during urgent situations.

Managing attendance may be a vital record-keeping activity in any institution. There are different methods of maintaining the attendance from manual system where attendance is marked in sheets to automated attendance on the likes of biometrics. The combination of frequency Identification (RFID) with fingerprint biometric technology was to enhance the safety level and integrity of the records. The designed system not only makes the system design simpler but also enhances the productivity of the institution both in terms of man power and time. The system doesn’t only simplify the method of taking attendance but reduces error and allows for faster verification of student attendance, all with minimal human interaction. This technique will help the authorities manage the attendance system in a more organized, efficient and time saving manner. The planning of the system is straightforward and portable making it an honest candidate for commercial and academic purpose. A GUI based version and app-based version has been designed to make the system both PC and mobile friendly. The system is built with various levels of access permissions and security. The system was tested for a small group of 100 students and was found to provide accurate marking of attendance for all users.

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