Transoral laser surgery for early glottic carcinoma is a valid alternative to radiotherapy and partial laryngectomy in terms of oncologic results. It offers low morbidity and excellent retreatment options in case of local failure. Careful patient selection for laser surgery is essential to secure good results.

Increased expression and altered intracellular distribution of adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins galectins-1 and -7 during tumour progression in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas Aims: To examine the level of expression of the pleiotropic regulators galectins-1 and -7 in relation to neoplastic progression of hypopharyngeal (HSCCs) and laryngeal (LSCCs) squamous cell carcinomas. Methods and results:The presence of galectins-1 and -7 was investigated using quantitative immunohistochemistry in (i) a series of 78 HSCCs by comparison with 17 normal epithelia (N_E), 26 low-grade dysplasia (low_D) and 27 high-grade dysplasia (high_D) and (ii) a series of 56 LSCCs by comparison with 50 N_E, 23 low_D and 29 high_D. Galectin-1 positivity expressed as a percentage of cells was significantly higher in carcinomas (HSCCs and LSCCs) than in N_E, low_D or high_D (P < 10 )6 ). Galectin-7 expression was elevated in low_D (P = 0.0004) compared with N_E and in carcinomas (HSCC) compared with high_D (P = 0.0002). Tumour progression from high_D to carcinomas was associated with a shift of galectin-1 localization from the nucleus towards the cytoplasm. Increased expression of galectin-7 in dysplasias was accompanied by a shift from the cytoplasmic compartment (N_E) to the nucleus (low_D and high_D). Conclusions: Our data reveal an association between the level of presence of galectins-1 and -7 and neoplastic progression of HSCCs and LSCCs. Moreover, inverse shifts between nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity intimating functional divergence were detected.

Nasal decongestants are recommended for the management of acute rhinosinusitis to reduce the consequences of often disabling nasal congestion. They are also recommended during rhinoscopic examination and for preparation of the nasal mucosa prior to endonasal surgery.

Highlights d Integrative analysis of ENBs identifies neural-like and basallike subgroups d Approximately 35% of basal-like ENBs display IDH2 R172 hotspot mutations d ENBs with IDH2 mutations display a CpG island methylator phenotype (E-CIMP) d Basal-like ENBs display higher intratumoral-infiltrating lymphocytes

Local control after initial treatment is primordial to optimizing outcomes because of the poor results of salvage therapy.

No abstract

With a convenient psychophysical test, we showed that olfactory cleft opacification and CT scan score could be predictive factors of olfaction disorder severity and improvement after ESS in CRSwNP. These results need to be strengthened in the long term with a larger panel of patients.

Allergic rhinitis is a common condition, with significant impact on quality of life depending on severity and quality of control. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (allergen-SIT) is the only known treatment able to alter the natural course of allergic rhinitis. Although well known to allergologists, it has yet to be fully adopted by the ENT community. This review, based on the most recent meta-analyses and clinical studies, shows that SIT significantly reduces symptoms and medication requirements (nasal corticosteroids, H1-antihistamines) in allergic rhinitis. It can reduce the risk of progression to asthma and, if initiated early enough, of developing new sensitizations. Immunobiological analysis shows an altered inflammatory profile following SIT, with immune tolerance involving T-regulatory lymphocyte induction and IgG production. Sublingual SIT with drops is as effective as subcutaneous SIT and is simpler to use, with less anaphylactic risk. Standardization of trial protocols in terms of treatment response assessment and side effect grading is recommended to improve comparative studies. Sublingual SIT with tablets has recently been introduced, providing a good opportunity for ENT practitioners to adopt the SIT approach in rhinitis triggered by allergy to pollens and, in the near future, to house dust mites.