[1] A comprehensive study on the ducting conditions prevailing over the Indian tropical station of Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.2 E) is made using more than 5 years (April 2006 to September 2011) of high-resolution GPS radiosonde observations. In the present study, the characteristics of ducts occurring over Gadanki were examined statistically using the modified refractivity. Strong diurnal and seasonal variation in the percentage occurrence of the ducts was found with the highest and lowest occurrences during winter and monsoon seasons, respectively. Duct strength is very strong during midnight to the morning hours than in the evening hours particularly during winter. The mean thickness of the duct and the duct strength were found to be the highest and the strongest in postmonsoon and winter seasons, whereas they are the lowest and the weakest in the monsoon season. Elevated ducts were found to be stronger than the surface and the surface-based ducts. The characteristics of ducts during stable and unstable conditions were also investigated, and it was found that the duct altitude is higher during the stable conditions and is higher during premonsoon followed by postmonsoon, winter and minimum in the monsoon. The maximum wavelength being trapped was investigated, and it was found that wave trapping occurs for the radars with frequencies of 60 GHz and above.

Qualitative elemental analysis was determined in various parts of potential anti-asthmatic medicinal plants using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer. X-ray beam was used to excite each sample and spectra were recorded with a high resolution Si(Li) detector. The data analysis was carried out by the nEXT software. Trace elements P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb and Sr were estimated and elemental concentrations were determined. The results of the present study compared with standard reference material NIST1515 apple leaves for accuracy. The elements K, Ca, Cl, S and P are major constituents and besides Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Se, Br, Rb and Sr were present at low level. The presence of Cu, Zn, Mn and Se in medicinal plants plays a vital role on management and control of asthma disease.

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Due to modernization and the scarcity of fossil fuel resources, energy demand is continuously increasing. In this regard, it is essential and necessary to create a renewable energy source that can meet future energy demands. Recently, the production of H2 by water splitting and removing pollutants from the water has been essential for issues of energy and environmental demands. Herein, g-C3N4 and Ag-g-C3N4 composite structures have been successfully fabricated by the ultrasonication method. The physio/photochemical properties of prepared g-C3N4 and Ag-g-C3N4 were examined with different analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, UV-DRS, SEM, TEM, PL, and XPS analyses. The silver quantum dots (QDS) anchored to g-C3N4 structures performed the profound photocatalytic activities of H2 production, dye degradation, and antimicrobial activity under visible-light irradiation. The Ag/g-C3N4 composite with an Ag loading of 0.02 mole has an optimum photoactivity at 335.40 μmol g−1 h−1, which is superior to other Ag loading g-C3N4 composites. The synthesized Ag/g-C3N4 nanoparticles showed potential microbial inhibition activity during the preliminary screening, and the inhibition zones were comparable to the commercial antibiotic chloramphenicol. The loading of Ag into g-C3N4 paves the suppression, recombination and transfer of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, leading to the enhancement of hydrogen production, the diminishment of pollutants in water under visible light irradiation, and antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens.