Mycorrhiza formation plays a key role in the adaptation of light-coniferous species of urbanized territories, since the fungal symbiont acts as a barrier against technogenic impact. The article presents the study of mycorrhiza formation of Pinus sylvestris and Larix sukaczewii in urbanized ecosystems of the Strelitamak industrial center, Republic of Bashkortostan. The material was sampled in 2009 and 2016 at 8 sample plots. Anatomical and morphological structures of trees roots absorbing parts were analysed, micropreparations of cross sections were made. Mycorrhiza formation under the influence of technogenic pollution is not suppressed, the development of the fungal component of mycorrhiza increases. Pine mycorrhizal associations were found to be more sensitive to industrial pollution than larch mycorrhiza. The variety of fungus sheath of light coniferous species changes according to a single scheme. The plant makes for the unfavorable ecological conditions by a higher level of mycorrhiza formation development.
Studies on the influence of polymer hydrogels from different manufacturers on the morphometric parameters of microalgae cells of Chlorella vulgaris, Eustigmatos magnus and Scotiellopsis sp. and the possibility of their joint use in sowing seeds of Triticum aestivum and Secale cereale in barren substrates are presented. The optimal effects of a particular algae crop in combination with a particular hydrogel and their dependence on the soil type with a joint effect on the seeds of cereal crops were revealed. The germination ability analysis of higher plants seeds of two studied species showed the effectiveness of “BSPU” hydrogel with E. magnus culture liquid when sown on sand. Indicators of the length of sprouts and roots of cereals seeds allowed us to build a number of effective effects of microalgae: E. magnus > S. sp. > Ch. vulgaris. The results of the study revealed the individuality of the crop in combination: substrate/hydrogel/microalgae, which must be taken into account for the possibility of their effective joint use in reclamation processes.
The ecological value of ectomycorrhizal associations is not restricted to the organism level. They play an essential role in plant communities as key to the diversity and sustainability of species. The sustainability of forest stands in urbanised areas depends on preserving mycorrhizal communities’ structural and functional organisation. Reducing species diversity of ectomycorrhizal associations does not lessen the resilience of forest ecosystems in industrial centres but is balanced by morphological diversity.
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