A rapid method for determining the calcium contents of lead-calcium alloys has been developed. It is based on the quantitative removal of calcium by interaction with antimony and an end-point shown by the surface appearance of test ingots. The method is applicable to lead alloys containing fl-om 0.005% up to at least 2% calcium and in the range up to 0.11% calcium has a precision of • It may be used in the shop, does not require skilled personnel for its operation, and has been successfully applied in the commercial manufacture of storage battery grids. unless CC License in place (see abstract). ) ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 141.211.4.224 Downloaded on 2015-06-25 to IP
were prepared by the microtome method4 and etched" with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Fig. 1 shows the structure of the annealed but unworked specimen and Fig. 2 shows the structure of the annealed and
A method is described for estimating calcium in lead which consists in casting a test ingot in a prescribed manner and comparing its surface appearance with the surface appearance of standards. The calcium content can be determined by inspection.
Whisker crystals and related filamentary and spherical shapes grow at the solder terminations of thin-film resistors when the circuits carry excessive direct current. The growths have been observed in most instances near the positive termination. With tin-lead solder the growths at the positive termination are predominantly tin. Whisker crystals are often single. Studies show that electrotransport plays a role in the growth.
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