The equivalence between redundant-binary (RB) to twoscomplement number conversion and twos-complement addition is shown using a simple transform between the two number domains. As a consequence, all hardware architectures designed for either operation may be easily adapted to implement the other.Index Terms-Adders, digital arithmetic, redundant number systems.
First Year engineering students at the University of Edinburgh are taught Writing Skills as part of a Professional Engineering Module. Particular difficulties are presented by the large class sizes and the generally low standard of writing skills among native English speakers at entry to the course. The course aims not only to give students the skills to communicate effectively with any readership but also to teach the conventions of engineering writing. Writer-centred, genre-centred and reader-centred approaches to the teaching of composition skills are all seen as necessary means of helping students to get the most out of their writing, for themselves and for their readers, and of motivating students to improve their writing during the four years of their degree course and beyond. The merits of lectures, handouts, surgery hours and feedback were assessed by means of a questionnaire, student interviews and analysis of feedback proformae. The indications are that structured feedback provides the key to helping individual students evolve and maintain a personal development programme for improving their writing skills to a level which meets the needs of their profession.
The increasing levels of circuit integration are leading to the implementation of highly sophisticated algorithms. Many of the commercial application areas have a requirement for portability which leads to the need for low-power design. This article considers the issues and design solutions for complex low-power digital CMOS IC design.
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