Glycine mottle virus (GMeV) was isolated from Glycine tomentella and has a restricted distribution in north Queensland. It has a very narrow experimental host range, systemically infecting several Glycine spp., but not G. max (soybean). Local infection occurred in soybean and several other legumes, but none of six species of non-legumes became infected. GMeV is extremely stable and can be purified in high concentration from G. soja. Based on the following properties it is classified as a possible new member of the tombusvirus group: isometric virions with a diameter of 30 nm (25 nm in cell section) which sediment as a single component with S20, w = 138; single, major polypeptide of molecular weight 39,000; ≈ 20% RNA consisting of a single component of molecular weight 1.5 × 106; a high concentration of virions in the cytoplasm and nuclei of infected cells, especially in cytoplasmic extrusions into the vacuole; and the presence of vesicles in peroxisomes and chloroplasts in infected cells. GMeV differs from most tombusviruses in its extremely narrow host range, and its virions showed no serological relationship to those of known members of the tombusvirus group, nor those of any other isometric virus tested.
SUMMARY
Two strains of a virus designated Glycine mosaic virus (GMV) were found in Glycine clandestina and G. tabacina, legumes indigenous to Australia and the western Pacific region. When transmitted by sap inoculation, GMV infected mostly leguminous species, and caused mosaic and mottling symptoms. The virus was not found naturally in soybean G. max, but it infected all of the 21 cultivars tested.
GMV has isometric particles of c. 28 nm diameter, and produces three components with sedimentation coefficients of 60 S (top), 103 S (middle), and 130 S (bottom). Both middle and bottom components are required for infectivity. The virions contain two major proteins with molecular weights of c. 21 500 and 42 000. GMV produces large aggregates of particles in the cytoplasm of the mesophyll cells of pea Pisum sativum, and also induces amorphous membrane‐bound bodies and cytoplasmic vesicles. The type strain (from New South Wales) reacts with antisera to Echtes Ackerbohnenmosaik, broad bean stain, and a Californian isolate of squash mosaic virus. The GW strain (from Queensland) reacts with all of the latter antisera, as well as with antisera to cowpea mosaic virus (Sb and Ark strains), bean pod mottle, and red clover mottle viruses, and is serologically related to, but not identical with, the type strain. These properties clearly establish GMV as a new member of the comovirus group.
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